结构调整【英】

structural adjustment; restructuring

译文来源

Report on the Work of the Government, 2016. via:
http://english.gov.cn/premier/news/2016/03/17/content_281475309417987.htm

定义

结构调整一般指的是经济结构调整，即国家运用经济的、法律的和必要的行政的手段，改变现有的经济结构状况，使之合理化、完善化，进一步适应生产力发展的过程。经济结构指国民经济的组成和构造，包括产业结构（如一、二、三次产业的构成，农业、轻工业、重工业、服务业的构成等）、分配结构（如积累与消费的比例及其内部的结构等）、交换结构（如价格结构、进出口结构等）、消费结构、技术结构、劳动力结构等（《经济结构调整》，via：http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=lxy2yWYX8sEc_uL9kMxzr9wJwlRga25Pa1JKCjA-0PSzPl1Kg6QCWvHobxRqgjb-XncMVcGDBvKI11GRIyR1ta）。因此，结构调整也主要包括产业结构调整、分配结构调整、交换结构调整、消费结构调整、技术结构调整、劳动力结构调整等方面。其中，产业结构和消费结构的调整是我国目前较为突出的两大问题。产业结构调整包括产业结构合理化和高级化两个方面。产业结构合理化是指各产业之间相互协调，有较强的产业结构转换能力和良好的适应性，能适应市场需求变化，并带来最佳效益的产业结构；产业结构高级化，即产业结构升级，是指产业结构系统从较低级形式向较高级形式的转化过程（《产业结构调整》，via：http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=RnsJvdblnA--IoD7-VtLVCKcvCtkt4G2GAk377XZ7S6XhPlCiSIDtBhiaGEu4NEM4BQ-NRN76LZRknjVUCGZIK）。进行消费结构调整需要在处理好扩大内需与稳定外需、增加投资与扩大消费等关系的前提下，着力扩大居民消费需求，努力实现消费、投资、出口协调拉动经济增长。

定义来源

[1] 经济结构调整.via：http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=lxy2yWYX8sEc_uL9kMxzr9wJwlRga25Pa1JKCjA-0PSzPl1Kg6QCWvHobxRqgjb-XncMVcGDBvKI11GRIyR1ta
[2] 产业结构调整.via：http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=RnsJvdblnA--IoD7-VtLVCKcvCtkt4G2GAk377XZ7S6XhPlCiSIDtBhiaGEu4NEM4BQ-NRN76LZRknjVUCGZIK

例句

1. 结构调整取得积极进展。服务业在国内生产总值中的比重上升到50.5%，首次占据“半壁江山”。消费对经济增长的贡献率达到66.4%。高技术产业和装备制造业增速快于一般工业。单位国内生产总值能耗下降5.6%。——《2016年政府工作报告》

1. Encouraging progress was made in structural adjustment. The service sector as a proportion of GDP rose to 50.5%, accounting for more than half for the first time. The contribution of consumption toward economic growth reached 66.4%. High-tech industries and equipment manufacturing grew faster than other industries. Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 5.6%. -Quoted from Report on the Work of the Government, 2016.

2. 一是经济持续较快发展。国内生产总值年均增长7.8%，经济总量稳居世界第二位，成为全球第一货物贸易大国和主要对外投资大国。二是结构调整取得标志性进展。服务业成为第一大产业，工业化与信息化融合加深，农业综合生产能力明显增强。——《2016年政府工作报告》

2. First, a high rate of economic development was maintained. During this period, China’s GDP grew at an average annual rate of 7.8%. This growth enabled China to comfortably maintain its position as the world’s second-largest economy, and become the largest trading nation in terms of goods as well as a major outbound investor. Second, milestone progress was achieved in structural adjustments. Service industries have grown to be the largest economic sector, information technology has been further integrated into industrialization, and overall agricultural production capacity has notably improved. -Quoted from Report on the Work of the Government, 2016.

3. 经过20多年实践，我国社会主义市场经济体制已经初步建立，但仍存在不少问题，主要是市场秩序不规范，以不正当手段谋取经济利益的现象广泛存在；生产要素市场发展滞后，要素闲置和大量有效需求得不到满足并存；市场规则不统一，部门保护主义和地方保护主义大量存在；市场竞争不充分，阻碍优胜劣汰和结构调整，等等。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：76

3. After 20 years of practice a socialist market economy has been basically established in China. But there are still many problems. The market lacks order, and many people seek economic benefits through unjustified means; the market for factors of production lags behind in development, unable to allocate the factors of production to meet the effective demand: the lack of unified market rules has resulted in rampant protectionism initiated by departments or local governments; and market competition is mot good enough to select the superior and eliminate the inferior, and thus slows down economic restructuring. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 83.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
作为新疆农业结构调整的一部分，兵团宏观农业结构调整急需法律手段的介入。——《新疆民族区域自治背景下兵团农业结构调整之法律问题研究》，石河子大学硕士学位论文，2007
As a part of Xinjiang agriculture structure adjustment, XPCC agriculture structure adjustment urgently need law involvement.

例句 2：
产业结构调整的优化升级对经济发展起着至关重要的作用，当今各国各城市都把调整产业结构，促进产业结构优化升级作为经济发展的重要途径。——《天津市产业结构调整中政策与法律问题研究》，天津大学硕士学位论文，2012
Optimizing and upgrading the adjustment of industrial structure plays a vital role in economic growth so that each country and city treats it as an important approach to economic growth.

例句 3：
伴随着经济全球化和知识经济的发展，中国产业结构调整势在必行，相应的法律制度的却不尽完善。——《完善我国产业结构调整法律制度之探讨》，重庆大学硕士学位论文，2010
With the development of economic globalization and knowledge economy, China’s industrial restructure is pressing upon our attention, while the corresponding legal systems are far from perfect.