产业结构【英】

structure of industry; industrial structure

译文来源

[1] Report on the Work of Government 2016. via: http://english.gov.cn/premier/news/2016/03/17/content_281475309417987.htm
[2] Xi Jinping. Xi Jinping: The Governance of China [M]. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2014: 78.

定义

产业结构，亦称国民经济的部门结构。国民经济各产业部门之间以及各产业部门内部的构成。社会生产的产业结构或部门结构是在一般分工和特殊分工的基础上产生和发展起来的。研究产业结构，主要是研究生产资料和生活资料两大部类之间的关系；从部门来看，主要是研究农业、轻工业、重工业、建筑业、商业服务业等部门之间的关系，以及各产业部门的内部关系。广义的产业，还包括为生产和生活服务的各个部门，例如商业、服务业、金融业、教育科技部门等等。产业结构，就是指这些部门的构成比例及它们之间的有机联系。产业结构不是固定不变的，随着经济的发展和科学技术的进步，会不断出现新的部门，原有各部门之间的比例也会发生变化。社会主义国家必须根据国民经济发展的要求，有计划地调整产业结构，使之合理化。所谓合理的产业结构，就是建立物质生产各部门之间、为生产和生活服务的各部门之间以及这两者之间的最优比例关系。这种最优比例能够保证社会主义扩大再生产的顺利进行，有利于在生产发展的基础上提高人民消费水平，能够提高社会经济效益，可以促进国民经济的技术进步。建立合理的产业结构，必须从本国的实际出发，根据本国的经济和科学技术发展水平以及自然条件，同时，考虑到可以利用的国际条件，力求做到扬长避短，充分利用一切有利条件，既能促进经济的近期增长，又有利于经济的长期发展（许征帆，1987：464）。

定义来源

许征帆.马克思主义辞典[Z].吉林大学出版社，1987.

例句

1. 加快推进产业结构优化升级，实施一批技术水平高、带动能力强的重大工程。到2020年，先进制造业、现代服务业、战略性新兴产业比重大幅提升，全员劳动生产率从人均8. 7万元提高到12万元以上。——《2016年政府工作报告》

1. To that end, we will move faster to improve or upgrade the structure of industry and launch initiatives that use advanced technologies and can drive industrial development. Our goal is that by 2020, advanced manufacturing, modern services, and strategic emerging industries as a proportion of GDP will have risen significantly and that per capita labor productivity will have risen from 87,000 yuan to over 120,000 yuan. -Quoted from Report on the Work of Government 2016.

2. 当前，国内外环境都在发生极为广泛而深刻的变化，我国发展面临一系列突出矛盾和挑战，前进道路上还有不少困难和问题。比如：发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续问题依然突出，科技创新能力不强，产业结构不合理，发展方式依然粗放，城乡区域发展差距和居民收入分配差距依然较大，社会矛盾明显增多，教育、就业、社会保障、医疗、住房、生态环境、食品药品安全、安全生产、社会治安、执法司法等关系群众切身利益的问题较多，部分群众生活困难，形式主义、官僚主义、享乐主义和奢靡之风问题突出，一些领域消极腐败现象易发多发，反腐败斗争形势依然严峻，等等。解决这些问题，关键在于深化改革。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：71-72

2. As extensive and profound changes are taking place domestically and internationally China’s development faces a series of prominent dilemmas and challenges, and there are quite a number of problems and difficulties on its path of development: Unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable development remains a big problem. We are weak in scientific and technological innovation. The industrial structure is unbalanced and the growth mode remains inefficient. The development gap between urban and rural areas and between regions is still large, and so are income disparities. Social problems are markedly on the rise. There are many problems affecting the people’s immediate interests in education, employment, social security, health care, housing, the ecological environment, food and drug safety, workplace safety, public security, law enforcement, administration of justice, etc. Some people still lead hard lives. Formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism and extravagance are serious problems. Some sectors are prone to corruption and other types of misconduct, and the fight against corruption remains a serious challenge for us. To solve these problems，the key lies in continuing the reform. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 78.

3. 推进生态文明建设，必须全面落实党的十八大精神，以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导，树立尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然的生态文明理念，坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策，坚持节约优先、保护优先、自然恢复为主的方针，着力树立生态观念、完善生态制度、维护生态安全、优化生态环境，形成节约资源和保护环境的空间格局、产业结构、生产方式、生活方式。 ——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：208-209

3. To promote ecological progress, we must comprehensively implement the guiding principles of the Party’s 18th National Congress, and take Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of the Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook on Development as our guide. We must raise awareness of the need to respect, protect, and accommodate ourselves to nature, follow the basic state policy of resource conservation and environmental protection, and give high priority to conserving resources, protecting the environment and promoting its natural restoration. We must dedicate ourselves to raising our ecological awareness, enhancing relevant systems, safeguarding ecological security, and improving the environment. We must preserve our geographical space and streamline our industrial structure, our mode of production, and our way of life in the interest of resource conservation and environmental protection. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 230-231.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
近三十年来，随着世界经济的迅猛发展和全球化进程的不断深化，同时对各国的政治稳定及产业结构升级也是一个巨大的挑战。——《经济发展与文化价值观变迁》，中南大学博士学位论文，2014
In the recent three decades, some emerging economic are undergoing rapid economic growth and quick globalization process; it is also challenging political stability and the transformation of industrial structure for states.

例句 2：
伴随着经济全球化和知识经济的发展，中国产业结构调整势在必行，相应的法律制度的却不尽完善。——《完善我国产业结构调整法律制度之探讨》，重庆大学硕士学位论文，2010
With the development of economic globalization and knowledge economy, China's industrial restructure is pressing upon our attention, while the corresponding legal systems are far from perfect.

例句 3：
产业结构变迁是经济持续增长和转型的基础，中国产业结构并没有演进到与当前经济发展阶段相对应的水平，其根本原因在于缺乏与新兴产业发展必须的教育和人力资本的进步。——“人力资本与中国增长和转型”，载于《经济科学》2015年第1期
The change of industrial structure is the basis for sustained economic growth and transformation of industrial structure, China did not evolve to correspond to the current stage of economic development level, the fundamental reason is the lack of need and development of emerging industries in the progress of education and human capital.