舆论监督【英】

public opinion-based oversight; oversight through public opinion

译文来源

2016年政府工作报告.via:
http://news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2016-03/05/c_128775704.htm

定义

舆论监督是中国共产党新闻和宣传理论中的一个概念。党的十三大报告指出，“要通过各种现代化的新闻和宣传工具，增加对政务和党务活动的报道，发挥舆论监督的作用，支持群众批评工作中的缺点和错误，反对官僚主义，同各种不正之风作斗争。”党的十四大报告、《关于加强社会主义精神文明建设若干问题的决议》和党的十五大报告都正式明确了舆论监督的概念。此后，《报纸管理暂行规定》中的第七条；《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》第六条和《中华人民共和国价格法》第三十八条都涉及到了舆论监督的问题。关于舆论监督，马克思和恩格斯曾把监督当权者视为媒体的首要职责。后来列宁在十月革命后继承和发展了马克思的舆论监督思想，曾明确强调传媒对党和苏维埃工作人员的监督。习近平在党的新闻舆论工作座谈会上曾强调，“舆论监督和正面宣传是统一的。新闻媒体要直面工作中存在的问题，直面社会丑恶现象，激浊扬清、针砭时弊，同时发表批评性报道要事实准确、分析客观。”（人民日报，2016年2月20日）

定义来源

坚持正确方向创新方法手段，提高新闻舆论传播力引导力[N].人民日报，2016年2月20日.

例句

1. 各级政府及其工作人员要严格遵守宪法和法律，自觉运用法治思维和法治方式推动工作，法定职责必须为，法无授权不可为。积极推行政府法律顾问制度。深入推进政务公开，充分发挥传统媒体、新兴媒体作用，利用好网络平台，及时回应社会关切，使群众了解政府做什么、怎么做。各级政府要依法接受同级人大及其常委会的监督，自觉接受人民政协的民主监督，接受社会和舆论监督，让权力在阳光下运行。坚持廉洁履职，深入推进反腐倡廉。认真落实党风廉政建设主体责任，严厉整治各种顶风违纪行为。——《2016年政府工作报告》，2016

1. Governments at all levels and all their employees must strictly abide by the Constitution and other laws and conscientiously apply rule of law thinking and approaches in their work; they must carry out all statutory functions and duties and may not do anything not authorized by law We will actively promote the legal consultation system for government. We will intensify efforts to make government operations mote open by making use of both traditional and new media including the Internet to respond in a timely manner to social concerns and inform the public about what the government is doing and how We in governments at all levels must, as required by law, subject ourselves to the oversight of the people's congresses at the same levels and their standing committees, and we should willingly subject ourselves to the democratic oversight of CPPCC committees, public oversight, and public opinion-based oversight, so as to exercise power in an open and transparent way. Fight corruption. We will see that leading Party and government officials at all levels assume foil responsibility for improving Party conduct and government integrity, and we will severely punish all types of behavior that constitute flagrant violations of discipline. -Quoted from Report on the Work of Government, 2016.

2. 坚持科学决策、民主决策、依法决策，健全决策机制和程序，发挥思想库作用，建立健全决策问责和纠错制度。凡是涉及群众切身利益的决策都要充分听取群众意见，凡是损害群众利益的做法都要坚决防止和纠正。推进权力运行公开化、规范化，完善党务公开、政务公开、司法公开和各领域办事公开制度，健全质询、问责、经济责任审计、引咎辞职、罢免等制度，加强党内监督、民主监督、法律监督、舆论监督，让人民监督权力，让权力在阳光下运行。——《坚定不移沿着中国特色社会主义道路前进为全面建成小康社会而奋斗——在中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会上的报告》，2012

2. We should continue to conduct scientific, democratic, and law-based policymaking, improve decision-making mechanisms and procedures, seek advice of think tanks, and establish sound mechanisms for decision-making accountability and remedy. Whenever we make a decision involving the immediate interests of the people, we must solicit their views on it. We must not do anything that may harm the interests of the people and must correct any action that causes damage to their interests. We should make the exercise of power more open and standardized, and increase transparency of Party, government and judicial operations and official operations in other fields. We should improve the systems of inquiry, accountability, economic responsibility auditing, resignation and dismissal. We should tighten intra-Party, democratic and legal oversight as well as oversight through public opinion to ensure that the people oversee the exercise of power and that power is exercised in a transparent manner. -Quoted from Firmly March on the Path of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive to complete the Building of a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Aspects—Report to the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, 2012.

3. 改革和完善党的纪律检查体制，建立和完善巡视制度。发挥司法机关和行政监察、审计等职能部门的作用。实行多种形式的领导干部述职述廉制度，健全重大事项报告制度、质询制度和民主评议制度。认真推行政务公开制度。加强组织监督和民主监督，发挥舆论监督的作用。——《江泽民同志在党的十六大上所作报告全文》，2002

3. We should reform and improve the system of Party discipline inspection and introduce and improve the system of inspection tours. We should give play to the role of judicial, administrative supervision and auditing organs and other functional departments. We should implement the system under which leading cadres report in various ways on their work and their efforts to perform their duties honestly, and improve the systems of reporting on important matters, of making inquiries and of democratic appraisal. We should conscientiously implement the system of making government affairs known to the public. We should tighten organizational and democratic supervision and give play to the supervisory function of the media. -Quoted from Full text of Jiang Zemin’s Report at 16th Party Congress, 2002.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
舆论监督被称为继立法、司法和行政之外的“第四权力”，在马克思主义产生之前，空想社会主义者对舆论监督早有论述。舆论监督是马克思主义政治学说、新闻学说中的重要内容，是分析和批评各种机会主义派别的种种倒行逆施、各种言行及思想的有力武器。舆论监督在马克思主义经典作家革命生涯中占有重要的地位。马克思恩格斯在对前人精神遗产进行批判继承的基础上，在长期的革命实践活动中形成了无产阶级舆论监督思想。——《马克思主义舆论监督思想研究》，安徽大学硕士学位论文，2011
Supervision by public opinion is called the forth right beside the legislation, justice and administration. Before the Marxism come out, Utopian socialism stated the  supervision by public opinion. Supervision is an important part of Marxist political theory and Information theory and a powerful weapon of analysing and criticizing all kinds of perverse actions, comments and thoughts. Supervision by public opinion plays an import role in the revolutionary life of authors of Marxist classics. On the basis of Marx and Engels'criticizing the spiritual legacy of our predecessors, supervision by public opinion is formed during the long term of revolutionary activities.

例句 2：
网络信息化发展的今天，在科学发展观的指导下，网络舆论监督作为一种新型的监督方式，对我国服务型政府构建产生了极为深远的影响，充分发挥网络监督的积极影响，提高政府的公信力，实现政府服务过程中的善治，促进服务型政府精神的塑造。——《网络舆论监督对我国服务型政府构建的影响研究》，山东师范大学硕士学位论文，2012
With the development of network today and under the guide of the scientific concept of development, network supervision by public opinion which has extremely profound influence on the constructing of the service-oriented governme