字词 | 米勒兰 |
释义 | 米勒兰【英】Alexandre Millerand译文来源金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003:940. 定义米勒兰(Alexandre Millerand,1859—1943),法国前总统(1920—1924),社会党右翼领袖之一,著名的机会主义代表人物。其生于巴黎一小商人家庭,毕业于巴黎大学法律系,曾长期从事律师工作,并因为罢工工人当辩护律师而闻名,属资产阶级激进派。后于90年代初参加社会主义运动,1885年以社会党人身份当选议员,在1891年和1892年两次罢工事件中为工人辩护;1893年与维维安尼组建塞纳省社会主义共和联盟并于同年参加第二国际伦敦代表大会。1898年成为社会主义议会党团的主要领导人,兼任《明灯报》主编,并参与组建“法国独立社会主义者联盟”。1899年擅自参加资产阶级政府,任工商业部长,即臭名昭著的“米勒兰事件”,使法国社会主义运动发生分裂,产生恶劣影响,最终于1904年被法国社会党开除。其后,在资产阶级政府中担任过公共工程部长、国防部长、总理兼外交部长和总统等职,参与了资产阶级对内镇压工人罢工,对外扩张的勾当。十月革命后,策划和组织对苏维埃俄国武装干涉。1924年被迫辞去总统职务后,在政治舞台上作用衰减。1943年死于凡尔赛宫。其主张被列宁称为“实践的伯恩施坦主义”,主要代表作有《改良的社会主义》(1903)和《为了国防》(1913)等 (米勒兰. via: 定义来源[1] 米勒兰. via: 例句1. 您的演说很好,只有一点使我感到遗憾:这篇演说没有在两个月以前发表。但迟总比没有好。众议院和报刊认为这篇演说不合时宜,这并不使我感到惊奇;如果我们要等候他们的认可,那我们就根本别张嘴了。至于谈到米勒兰一伙的激进社会主义者,有一点是绝对必要的:同他们联盟应以我们的党是独立的党这个事实为基础,他们必须承认这一点。这丝毫也不排除在即将到来的选举中共同行动,但对于共同争得的席位的分配应当同实际的力量对比相适应;这些先生是惯于占便宜的。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第三十九卷上)》,1974:41 1. Your speech was very good and I regret only one thing: that it was not delivered two months ago. But better late than never. It doesn’t surprise me that the Chamber and the press found it ill-timed; if we were to wait upon their place we should never open our mouths. As for the Millerand & Co. Radical Socialists, it is absolutely essential that the alliance with them should be based on the fact that our Party is a separate Party, and that they recognise that. Which in no way rules out joint action in the forthcoming elections, provided that the distribution of seats to be jointly contested is made in accordance with the actual state of the respective forces; those gentlemen are in the habit of claiming the lion’s share. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 50), 2004: 113. 2. 亲爱的拉法格:你们对无政府主义者和极端爱国主义的布朗热分子们的胡闹提出抗议是完全正确的;即使这里有米勒兰和饶勒斯的功劳(他们在这方面当然是走在你们前面了),也无关紧要。特别是在普选45的前夕,决不能听任别人恣意诽谤。所以对这一点我同意。德国人也不止一次这样做过,结果使博尼埃大为伤心;博尼埃经常在想象的反爱国主义(但反爱国主义主要是对别人而言,因为再没有谁比他更希望“法国走在运动的最前而”)范围里行事。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第三十九卷上)》,1974:85-86 2. My dear Lafargue, You were absolutely right to protest against the imbecilities of the anarchists and Boulangeo-Jingoes; even though Millerand and Jaures (who certainly preceded you in this matter) contributed to this that does not matter. Particularly on the eve of a general election it is impossible to leave the field wide open to slander. So we are agreed on this point; the Germans have done as much on more than one occasion, to the great distress of Bonnier who moves in an idealistic anti-patriotic sphere (though mainly anti-patriotic for others, since no one wishes more than he that ‘France should take the lead in the movement’). -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 50), 2004: 156. 3. 不管人们怎样从无产阶级的立场来评价这个问题,即一些领导“同志”越来越频繁地公开转入资产阶级阵营(自从白里安和米勒兰事件到帕尔乌斯和连施事件只是最明显的例子),从资产阶级的立场来看,这个问题同样意味着资产阶级己没有能力靠自己的力量从意识形态上维护自己的地位,意味着资产阶级不仅需要这些来自无产阶级阵营中的叛徒,而且——在这方面这是首要的事情——也不可能再缺少无产阶级的科学方法,自然是以歪曲的形式。虽然从伯恩施坦到帕尔乌斯的理论背叛行为是无产阶级内部思想危机的征兆,但它也意味着资产阶级向历史唯物主义的投降。——《历史与阶级意识:关于马克思主义辩证法的研究》,1996:310 3. With increasing frequency leading ‘comrades’ have crossed over openly into the bourgeois camp (the cases of Briand and Millerand, Parvus and Lensch are only the most notorious instances) and however this is to be judged from the standpoint of the proletariat, its meaning for the bourgeoisie is unmistakable: namely that it is incapable of defending its own position ideologically and with its own resources. It not only needs these renegades from the camp of proletariat but also—and this is the main point at issue—it is unable to dispense with the scientific method of the proletariat, admittedly in a distorted form. The existence of the theoretical renegades from Bernstein to Parvus is doubtless the symptom of an ideological crisis within the proletariat; but at the same time, it signifies the capitulation of the bourgeoisie before historical materialism. -Quoted from History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics, 1971: 227-228. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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