同一性【英】

identity

译文来源

[1] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 26) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1990: 367.
[2] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2003：251.

定义

（1）在辩证法中，指“辩证同一性”（或统一性）。亦称“矛盾同一性”、“具体同一性”。与“形而上学同一性”相对。认为事物的同一性绝不是无矛盾的自身等同，而是包含着差异、对立的同一性。在哲学史上，19世纪德国黑格尔最先区分形而上学的、抽象的同一性和辩证的、具体的同一性，并深刻表述了辩证同一性的思想。认为同一是具体的，是包含本质差别的同一，包含差别于自身的同一。马克思主义创始人继承。改造了黑格尔的辩证同一的思想，使它立足于唯物主义基础之上。恩格斯指出：“同一性自身包含着差异性。辩证的、具体的同一性，具体体现了对立面相互依存、相互制约、相互贯通、相互渗透和相互转化的关系，是变化的、发展的。列宁指出，对立面的统一（一致、同一、均势）是有条件的、暂时的、易逝的、相对的。毛泽东在矛盾论中进一步发挥列宁关于辩证同一性的思想，把同一性概括为两种情形：一是矛盾的两个方面，各以和它对立着的方面为自己存在的前提，双方共处于一个统一体中；而是矛盾着的双方，依据一定的条件，各向着其相反的方向转化。（2）亦称“抽象同一性”。指“形而上学同一性”。它绝对地看待事物的同一，排斥任何差别和变化。它把同一性看成无差别、无矛盾和凝固不变的绝对等同。它停留在事物表面和形式的同一上，不深入考察事物内部的差异和矛盾，不研究对立面怎样同一和转化。（3）指符合、一致。（4）指共同性，是特殊性的对称（金炳华，2003：251-252）。

定义来源

[1] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2003.
[2] 李殿斌，贾万平.论和谐范畴与矛盾同一性[J].河北师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版），2001（24）.

例句

1. 价值（等价物）交换（同一性）是人们在现代社会生活中真正的“类”（劳动）关系，价值（通过交换价值表现）的出现是人类社会走向抽象整体性的真正开始。从劳动到价值、货币再到资本的过程，存在着一个完整的客观抽象的历史逻辑。只有在资本主义生产方式中，资本才成为当代社会存在中历史地创造出来，但这一次不是绝对观念的世界历史，而是资本开辟的真实的现实世界历史。在今天，也就是征服世界的美元、欧元这样的硬通货。正是通过它，才建构出真正人类社会现实的同一性。——《回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语》，2009：519

1. The exchange (identity) of value (equally valuable things) is the true “species” (labor) relationship of men in social life. The emergence of value (the expression through exchange-value) was the true beginning of the movement of human society towards an abstract totality. Within the movement from labor to value, to money, and then to capital, exists a complete historical logic of objective abstraction. Only in capitalist modes of production does capital become the “general illumination” of modern social existence. This “One” that once appeared in the “City of God” of theological illusions is now created in industrial history. However, here we no longer have the world history of the Absolute Idea, but rather the true, actual world history opened by capital. Today, this “One” is the hard currency such as the American dollar and European Euro that have conquered the world. Through this currency is constructed the true identity of human social reality. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 409.

2. 但是，思维和存在的关系问题还有另一个方面：我们关于我们周围世界的思想对这个世界本身的关系是怎样的？我们的思维能不能认识现实世界？我们能不能在我们关于现实世界的表象和概念中正确地反映现实？用哲学的语言来说，这个问题叫做思维和存在的同一性问题，绝大多数哲学家对这个问题都作了肯定的回答。——《马克思恩格斯全集（第二十一卷）：费尔巴哈和德国古典哲学的终结》，1965：316

2. But the question of the relation of thinking and being has yet another side: in what relation do our thoughts about the world surrounding us stand to this world itself? Is our thinking capable of cognition of the real world? Are we able in our ideas and notions of the real world to produce a correct reflection of reality? In the language of philosophy this question is called the question of the identity of thinking and being, and the overwhelming majority of philosophers answer it in the affirmative. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 26): Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy, 1990: 367.

3. 但是这决不妨碍黑格尔从他的思维和存在的同一性的论证中做出进一步的结论：因为对他的思维来说他的哲学是正确的，所以他的哲学也就是唯一正确的；只要人类马上把他的哲学从理论转移到实践中去，并按照黑格尔的原则来改造全世界，思维和存在的同一性就会得到证实。这是他和几乎所有的哲学家所共有的幻想。——《马克思恩格斯全集（第二十一卷）：费尔巴哈和德国古典哲学的终结》，1965：317

3. But that in no way prevents Hegel from drawing the further conclusion from his proof of the identity of thinking and being that his philosophy, because it is correct for his thinking, is therefore the only correct one, and that the identity of thinking and being must prove its validity by mankind immediately translating his philosophy from theory into practice and transforming the whole world according to Hegelian principles. This is an illusion which he shares with well-nigh all philosophers. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 26): Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy, 1990: 367.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
道德同一性是由一系列道德特质组成的反映自己道德内在一致性和连续性的自我概念，是对自己道德身份的定位和期待。——《中学生道德同一性与亲社会行为的关系研究》，河北师范大学硕士学位论文，2012
Moral identity is a self-conception which determined by the social self schema that reflect his inner moral consistency and continuity, is the expectation to their own moral identity.

例句 2：
思辨同一性是哲学与形而上学的基本问题，它既是思想的基本原则，也是生命存在的本性。思辨同一性以追问存在之为存在为最终旨趣，并体现了西方哲学的纯思精神，作为思想原则，它和逻辑密切相关并揭示出形式逻辑原则的思辨哲学内涵，作为生命本性，它和现实紧密勾连并凸显为生命之流中的生存尺度。——《思辨同一性问题研究》，吉林大学博士学位论文，2013
As the basic question of philosophy and metaphysics, speculative identity is both the rudimental principle of thinking and the nature of vital being. Focusing on questioning of being as being, it embodies the pure spirit of thinking in western philosophy, as principle of thinking it discloses the speculative connotation of the fundamental laws in traditional formal logic, as the nature of life it also highlights the existential scale of the stream of life in the close collusion with reality.

例句 3：
第二，随着年龄的增长，青少年学生自我同一性趋于发展和形成，自我同一性危机总分逐步降低，但在某些因素上会出现增高。——《青少年学生自我同一性研究》，河南大学硕士学位论文，2005
The second point is that the self-identity formation and development of adolescence students is changing flowing their growth, and its crisis has positive and negative uses.