执法责任制【英】

accountability system for law enforcement

译文来源

Communiqué of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, via: http://www.china.org.cn/china/fourth_plenary_session/2014-12/02/content_34208801.htm

定义

执法责任制是指在人大常委会组织、监督下，把国家行政、审判、检察机关负责实施的法律、法规和行政法规，通过制定和实施一系列制度，按其性质、内容，确定执法主体，使各项执法责任落实到位，使执法活动走向规范化、制度化的轨道。执法责任是一种新的监督方式，它有利于法律、法规的系统贯彻执行，有利于调动、发挥执法人员的积极性，提高执法的实际效果，便于人大及其常委会对一府两院及其工作人员的工作考察和监督。（百度百科）
行政执法责任制是一种针对行政机关可能不依法履行法定权力和义务, 而建立的一种层层分解落实, 明确执法责任、执法标准和执法程序, 保障法律、法规的正确实施, 促进依法行政的制度。行政执法责任制在本质上是行政权力运作的控权制度, 通过此种制度的建立和实施，使得行政执法能够权责一致、行为规范, 用权受监督, 出错受追究（张传辉，2005：57）。
行政执法是行政机关大量的经常性的活动，直接面向社会和公众，行政执法水平和质量的高低直接关系政府的形象。推行行政执法责任制，就是要强化执法责任，明确执法程序和执法标准，进一步规范和监督行政执法活动，提高行政执法水平，确保依法行政各项要求落到实处。地方各级人民政府和国务院各部门要以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，树立和落实科学发展观，从立党为公、执政为民，建设法治政府，加强依法执政能力建设的高度，充分认识推行行政执法责任制的重要意义，采取有效措施，进一步做好这项工作（国务院办公厅关于推行行政执法责任制的若干意见.via:
http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2005-09/08/content_30280.htm）。
十八届四中全会公报指出，要全面落实行政执法责任制，强化对行政权力的制约和监督，完善纠错问责机制。全面推进政务公开，坚持以公开为常态、不公开为例外原则，推进决策公开、执行公开、管理公开、服务公开、结果公开（十八届四中全会公报.via:
http://www.js.xinhuanet.com/2014-10/24/c_1112969836.htm）。

定义来源

[1] 张传辉.浅论行政执法责任制[J].行政论坛，2005（3）.
[2] [37]国务院办公厅.国务院办公厅关于推行行政执法责任制的若干意见[Z].2005-07-09.via:
http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2005-09/08/content_30280.htm
[3] 十八届四中全会公报.via:
http://www.js.xinhuanet.com/2014-10/24/c_1112969836.htm

例句

1. 深化行政执法体制改革，健全行政执法和刑事司法衔接机制。坚持严格规范公正文明执法，依法惩处各类违法行为，加大关系群众切身利益的重点领域执法力度，建立健全行政裁量权基准制度，全面落实行政执法责任制。强化对行政权力的制约和监督，完善纠错问责机制。——《中国共产党十八届四中全会公报》，2014

1. We must deepen structural reform in law enforcement by administrative agencies and improve the mechanism for coordinating administrative enforcement of law with the administration of criminal justice. We must ensure that law is administered in a strict, standardized, impartial, and civil manner; punish all types of illegal behavior in accordance with the law; intensify law enforcement in key areas involving people’s immediate interests; establish a sound system of administrative discretion standards; and fully implement the accountability system for law enforcement by administrative agencies. We must strengthen limits on administrative powers and increase oversight of the exercise of these powers, and improve remedial and accountability mechanisms. -Quoted from Communiqué of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, 2014.

2. 依法治国，首先是依宪治国；依法执政，关键是依宪执政。新形势下，我们党要履行好执政兴国的重大职责，必须依据党章从严治党、依据宪法治国理政。党领导人民制定宪法和法律，党领导人民执行宪法和法律，党自身必须在宪法和法律范围内活动，真正做到党领导立法、保证执法、带头守法。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：141-142

2. In essence, the rule of law is rule by the Constitution; the key to law-based governance is Constitution-based governance. In the new circumstances, to perform its duty properly in state governance and national rejuvenation，our Party should exercise strict discipline, and govern the country in accordance with the Constitution. As it leads the people in formulating and implementing the Constitution and laws, the Party must act; within the limits prescribed by the Constitution and laws, and ensure that it exercises leadership in legislation, guarantees law enforcement and takes the lead in observing the law. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 157.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
随着依法治国、依法行政理念的深入人心,行政执法责任制已得到社会普遍认可并实施，这在很大程度上促进了我国行政法治化的进程。——完善档案行政执法责任制的路径探索——“基于人力资源管理的视角”，载于《档案学通讯》2011年03期
With the rule of law, administrative law concept of popular, administrative law enforcement responsibility system has been widely recognized and implemented community, which largely contributed to the process of administrative law in China.

例句 2：
档案行政作为公共部门重要的一项职能,其公共行政的作用日益 凸显。 本文试从人力资源管理角度分析我国在实施档案行政执法责任制过程中存在的问题,并提出具体措施。——“完善档案行政执法责任制的路径探索——基于人力资源管理的视角”，载于《档案学通讯》2011年03期
Archives administration as an important public sector functions, the role of its public administration is increasing prominent.From the perspective of human resource man- agement,this paper analyses the problems in the implementation process of administrative law enforcement responsibility system and proposes specific measures.

例句 3：
税收执法责任制是以我国现行的税收法律、行政法规所确定的税务机关的法定职权和职责为基础,依法确定执法主体资格,通过对法定职权职责的分解,明确执法责任,规范执法程序、考核执法质量、追究执法过错责任的一项执法监督制度。——“完善税收执法责任制提高税务依法行政水平——试论税收执法责任制与税务依法行政的结合”，载于《湖南警察学院学报》2011年05期
Based on legitimate powers and duties of tax authorities defined by the current tax laws and administrative regulations, tax law enforcement responsibility is a law enforcement supervision system to define its subject of law enforcement, decompose the legal power and duty, clarify law