市场规则【英】

market rules

译文来源

[1] 武广华，臧益秀，刘运祥.中国卫生管理辞典[Z].中国科学技术出版社，2001：442-443.
[2] Xi Jinping. Xi Jinping: The Governance of China [M]. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2014: 83.
[3] Market Rules. via: https://www.emcsg.com/marketrules
[4] 10 Timeless Market Rules. via: http://www.investopedia.com/slide-show/10_timeless_market_rules/

定义

市场规则是指由权力机关制定的，或在长期的市场交易活动中形成的，对市场主体的行为及市场客体的各种条件的约束和要求。市场规则是保证市场正常运行与发展的基础（赵林如，1999：279）。其实质是把市场关系的法律、法规、契约、公约等形式稳定下来，并成为各市场主体在市场运行中经济行为的规范和准则（武广华等，2001：442-443）。它主要包括三个层次的内容： 规范市场主体及其活动的准则、规范政府干预市场行为的准则、规范市场运行过程的准则。（叶天泉等，2005：133）。市场规则具有以下几个方面的特点：（1）公平性，即市场规则一定是力求公平合理的。任何不公平的市场规则都将导致一部分市场主体的利益受到不应有的损失，从而使其市场行为发生异化，这最终会引起市场的畸形运转，制约市场作用的正常发挥。（2）强制性，即市场规则需要被严格遵守，任何违背市场规则的行为都将受到一定的惩罚。市场规则的强制性可以通过国家政权机构来保证实施，也可以利用行会、协会等民间组织或社会舆论和社会监督来保证其被贯彻。（3）相对稳定性，即市场规则一旦制定，它通常在一段时间内不再发生变化，以确保其效用的正常发挥，从而保证市场运行的有序性和稳定性。只有当外部条件发生较大变化，现行市场规则无法保证市场有序、高效地运行时，市场规则才会相应地发生一些改变。（4）系统性，即市场规则是由多个相互联系、互相补充的规定和要求构成的一个系统，它对整个市场的运行作出了完整的安排（赵林如，1999：279）。

定义来源

[1] 赵林如.市场经济学大辞典[Z].经济科学出版社，1999.
[2] 武广华，臧益秀，刘运祥.中国卫生管理辞典[Z].中国科学技术出版社，2001.
[3] 叶天泉，刘莹，郭勇.房地产经济辞典[Z].辽宁科学技术出版社，2005.

例句

1. 经过20多年实践，我国社会主义市场经济体制已经初步建立，但仍存在不少问题，主要是市场秩序不规范，以不正当手段谋取经济利益的现象广泛存在；生产要素市场发展滞后，要素闲置和大量有效需求得不到满足并存；市场规则不统一，部门保护主义和地方保护主义大量存在；市场竞争不充分，阻碍优胜劣汰和结构调整，等等。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：76

1. After 20 years of practice a socialist market economy has been basically established in China. But there are still many problems. The market lacks order, and many people seek economic benefits through unjustif1ed means; the market for factors of production lags behind in development, unable to allocate the factors of production to meet the effective demand; the lack of unified market rules has resulted in rampant protectionism initiated by departments or local governments; and market competition is not good enough to select the superior and eliminate the inferior, and thus slows down economic restructuring. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 83.

2. 全会决定提出，要实施全面规范、公开透明的预算制度，适度加强中央事权和支出责任，国防、外交、国家安全、关系全国统一市场规则和管理等作为中央事权。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：80

2. The Decision stipulates that we will adopt a complete, standardized, open and transparent budget system, and appropriately increase the authority of office and responsibility of expenditure of the central government, including those concerning national defense, foreign affairs, national security, and unified national market rules and management. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 88.

3. 我们要坚持社会主义市场经济改革方向，从广度和深度上推进市场化改革，减少政府对资源的直接配置，减少政府对微观经济活动的直接干预，加快建设统一开放、竞争有序的市场体系，建立公平开放透明的市场规则，把市场机制能有效调节的经济活动交给市场，把政府不该管的事交给市场咱让市场在所有能够发挥作用的领域都充分发挥作用，推动资源配置实现效益最大化和效率最优化，让企业和个人有更多活力和更大空间去发展经济、创造财富。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：117

3. We shou1d remain committed to the reform to establish and improve the socialist market economy and bring the reform to a deeper and wider 1evel. We should reduce the government’s direct invo1vement in resource allocation and its direct interference in micro-economic activities. We should step up efforts to develop a uniform market system characterized by openness and orderly competition, and set fair, open and transparent market rules. The government should refrain from getting invo1ved in the economic activities that the market can regulate effectively, and let the market do what the government is not supposed to do, so that the market can p1ay its role of maximizing the effectiveness and efficiency of resource allocation, and enterprises and individuals can have more room to develop the economy and create wealth with vigor and vitality. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 129.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
关于韩国所出现的经济奇迹和金融危机,国内外学者做了大量的研究。一个值得关注的现象是,众多学者或者机构在韩国金融危机前后所提出的观点是相矛盾的。本文试图利用市场规则的分析框架从一个全新的角度,历史地、客观地分析韩国经济高速增长以及发生危机的根源。——《市场规则建设与韩国经济发展》，武汉理工大学硕士学位论文，2006.
The scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of researches on South Korean economic miracle and its financial crisis. One phenomenon that is worthy of attention is that the opinion before and after South Korean financial crisis which was put up with by many scholars and organizations were inconsistent. This paper tries to make use of the analysis framework of market rules to examine the fundamental cause of South Korean economic miracle and its financial crisis from a new perspective historically and objectively.

例句 2：
国外对奥运赞助市场的研究较早、成果较多，而且国外企业在体育赞助营销方面也已经有了相当成熟的模式。但国内由于各界对奥运市场的认识和关注时间较短，对奥运市场和赞助营销的研究较少。近些年来，虽然也有一些企业在奥运赞助市场上进行过尝试，但终因不知道如何利用市场规则进入奥运市场进行之有效的营销，投入虽多却收效甚微。——《奥运赞助市场规则与中国大型企业国际营销》，北京工业大学硕士学位论文，2007
Overseas countries have made many researches about Olympic sponsoring market. However, because it’s very short for the Olympic market was studied and paid less attention, that leads to the facts: on the one hand, many enterprises with good hope and enthusiasm don’t know how to utilize the market rules to enter Olympic market; On the other hand, although some enterprises have done some attempts in parti