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字词 对抗
释义

对抗【英】

antagonism

译文来源

Zhang Yibing. A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek [M]. Berlin: Canut International Publishers, 2011: 133.

定义

对抗指表现为外部冲突的矛盾斗争形势。与“非对抗”相对。唯物辩证法认为,矛盾和斗争是普遍的、绝对的,但解决矛盾的斗争形式则因矛盾的性质不同、所处条件不同、发展过程的各阶段情况不同而有所区别。对抗只是矛盾斗争的一种形式,而不是矛盾斗争的惟一形式。如在阶级社会中,剥削阶级和被剥削阶级之间的矛盾,要发展到一定的阶段,双方才采取外部冲突的形式,发展为革命。自然界中的一切矛盾物直到最后采取外部冲突形式以解决矛盾时,才有对抗的表现。因此,冯契认为,认识对抗在矛盾中的地位非常重要,不应当把对抗不适当的套在一切事物的身上。列宁曾在《对布哈林<过渡时期的经济>一书的评论》一文中指出:“对抗和矛盾完全不是一回事,在社会主义条件下,对抗将会消失,矛盾仍然存在”。(金炳华等,2001:297)

定义来源

金炳华,冯契.哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2001.

例句

1. 我已经多次提醒过,齐泽克的逻辑依存根基是晚期拉康的观念。显然,齐泽克这里的分析语境已经是无数次能指飘移(隐喻—转喻—隐喻)的结果。这对于大多数没有阅读过拉康哲学的读者来说,进入这种讨论平台是极为困难的。这里的拉康已经承认真实硬核的残破主体观了。不要屈服于自己的欲望,即是一种没有最终解放的与他者的对抗(antagonism),人就是这种对抗,这种永远解不开的生死结。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》, 2007:342

1. I have mentioned more than once that Zizek’s logic is based on the late Lacanian thought. (Obviously, Zizek’s analysis above is a result of numerous metaphor-metonymy-metaphor transformations of signifiers. To many readers unfamiliar with the Lacanian philosophy, it is not easy to understand this discussion.) Here, Lacan already admits the mutilated subject of the real kernel. Do not yield to desire; it is the antagonism against the Other with no promise of ultimate liberation. Man is this antagonism itself, this forever-deadlock. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 445.

2. 齐泽克将马克思主义的社会矛盾理论称之为“社会对抗”。依他的理解,这种理论有两大特征面:(1)存在某种基本的对抗,与其他对抗相比,它具有本体论的优先性,它“引发”这些对抗并决定它们的地位和重要性(比如阶级斗争和经济剥削);(2)历史的发展至少会带来解决这个基本对抗的“客观可能性”(如果不是带来必然性的话)并引发对其他的对抗的调停。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》, 2007:343

2. Zizek believes that the Marxist social contradiction, as the “social antagonism”, has two major features. 1) There exists a certain fundamental antagonism possessing an ontological priority to “mediate” all other antagonism, determining their place and their specific weight (class antagonism, economic exploitation); 2) historical development brings about, if not a necessity, as least an “objective possibility” of solving this fundamental antagonism. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 446.

3. 阿多诺要再说更深一层的道理。他认为,传统哲学始终是通过同一性逻辑试图构建一种精神总体和整体的真理体系,似乎没有体系则不成哲学。这甚至是一直到今天的中国哲学界都还遗存的事实。殊不知,这种总体性的体系哲学永远非法面对着“一个自在的、非常现实的对抗性”的世界。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》, 2007:15-16

3. Adorno wants to go further. According to him, traditional philosophy is trying to establish a true system of spiritual totality and with the logic of identity all the time. It seems that no system, no philosophy. It is a fact in work in today’s Chinese academia of philosophy. But actually, this type of systematic philosophy is always illegally confronted with a world which is “in itself antagonistic in reality.” -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 33-34.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
自中国清末引进西方法律制度时起,直接或间接地通过日本移植民法理论,加之日本与我国在法律文化上同源性因素的影响,因此研究日本不动产登记对抗主义对完善我国物权法具有深远的借鉴意义。——《日本不动产登记对抗主义研究》,湖南大学硕士学位论文,2007
Research of Japan’s Ideology of real property registration resistance has a significant effect in improving our own property rights law which contributed to the direct or indirect effect of Japanese implanted civil law and the similar law culture between Japan and China since the end of Qing Dynasty when western law system was imported to China. 

例句 2:
《总体战略计划》表明,英国不仅在1946年底确认苏联为主要的潜在敌人,而且在1947年夏确立了独立对抗苏联的“三个支柱”战略。——“1947年英国《总体战略计划》述评”,载于《广西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2013年第2期
As shown on The Overall Strategy Plan, the British government not only confirmed the Soviet Union as the main potential enemy at the end of 1946, but also approved the “Three-Pillars” strategy to stand up to this great power by herself early in the summer of 1947. 

例句 3:
冲突的对抗激烈化,刚性诉求驱使对抗引发暴力行为。——“当前我国重大社会矛盾冲突的新型特征”,载于《中共中央党校学报》2015年第5期
The level of confrontation intensified and rigid demand bringing about violent actions.

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更新时间:2024/9/30 5:49:53