字词 | 重农学派 |
释义 | 重农学派【英】Physiocracy; the Physiocrats译文来源[1] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 5) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1975: 412. 定义重农学派是十八世纪50~70年代的法国资产阶级古典政治经济学学派。重农学派以自然秩序为最高信条,视农业为财富的唯一来源和社会一切收入的基础,认为保障财产权利和个人经济自由是社会繁荣的必要因素。重农学派对应的是重商学派。重农学派在鼎盛时期以“经济学家”称谓。其成员之一杜邦·德·奈穆尔于1767年编辑出版了一本题名为《菲西奥克拉特,或最有利于人类的管理的自然体系》的魁奈著作选集,首次提出了源于希腊文“自然”和“统治”两字的合辞作为他们理论体系的名称。但在当时,这个新名称没有得到通用。斯密在1776年发表的《国富论》中,依据他们“把土地生产物看作各国收入及财富的唯一来源或主要来源”的学说,把他们称为“农业体系”,汉语则意译为“重农学派”。 定义来源重农学派.via: 例句1. 政治经济学,在以前无论是金融资本家、银行家、商人,即一切与经济关系直接有关的那些人所研究过的,无论是像霍布斯、洛克、休谟这些有全面教养的人们研究过的(在他们看来,它是百科全书的知识的一个部门),只是通过重农学派才变成一门特殊的科学,并且从那时起它才被作为一门科学加以探讨。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第三卷)》,1956:483 1. At an earlier period political economy had been the subject of inquiry either by financiers, bankers and merchants, i.e., in general by persons directly concerned with economic relations, or by persons with an all-round education like Hobbes, Locke and Hume, for whom it was of importance as a branch of encyclopedic knowledge. Thanks to the Physiocrats, political economy for the first time was raised to the rank of a special science and has been treated as such ever since. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 5), 1975: 412. 2. 重农学派既然把劳动宣布为财富的本质,也就否定了特殊的、外部的、纯对象性的财富。但是,在重农学派看来,劳动首先只是地产的主体本质(重农学派是以那种在历史上占统治地位并得到公认的财产为出发点的);他们认为,只有地产才成为外化的人。他们既然把生产(农业)说成是地产的本质,也就消除了地产的封建性质;但由于他们宣布农业是唯一的生产,他们对工业世界持否定态度,并且承认封建制度。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第四十二卷)》,1979:115 2. Physiocracy denies particular, external, merely objective wealth by declaring labour to be the essence of wealth. But for physiocracy labour is at first only the subjective essence of landed property. (It takes its departure from the type of property which historically appears as the dominant and acknowledged type.) It turns only landed property into alienated man. It annuls its feudal character by declaring industry (agriculture) as its essence. But it disavows the world of industry and acknowledges the feudal system by declaring agriculture to be the only industry. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 3), 1975: 293. 3. 国内学者徐亦让先生注意到,在《德意志意识形态》中马克思哲学思路从实践向生产过渡的特点。但他以此对“实践唯物主义”的批评过于简单了这一点,不可能基于任何旧哲学,而只能是确认古典经济学(具体地说是配第和重农学派之后)中的社会唯物主义的现代性反思的第一层级。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:418 3. The Chinese scholar Xu Yirang noticed that in The German Ideology, Marx's philosophical line of thought transitions from practice to production. However, his critique of “practical materialism” based on this point is overly simple. Marx could not have based this point on any old philosophy; he could only have developed this thinking by confirming the first level of the modern social materialist philosophy in classical economics (specifically the philosophy after Petty and the physiocrats). -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 325. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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