用能权、用水权、排污权、碳排放权初始分配制度【英】

initial allocation system for energy; water; pollution; and carbon permits

译文来源

中央文献重要术语译文发布（2016年第五期).via:
http://www.cctb.net/bygz/zywxsy/201607/t20160706_342970.htm

定义

中国共产党第十八届中央委员会第五次全体会议，于2015年10月26日至29日在北京举行。全会提出，坚持绿色发展，必须坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策，坚持可持续发展，坚定走生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路，加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会，形成人与自然和谐发展现代化建设新格局，推进美丽中国建设，为全球生态安全作出新贡献。促进人与自然和谐共生，构建科学合理的城市化格局、农业发展格局、生态安全格局、自然岸线格局，推动建立绿色低碳循环发展产业体系。加快建设主体功能区，发挥主体功能区作为国土空间开发保护基础制度的作用。推动低碳循环发展，建设清洁低碳、安全高效的现代能源体系，实施近零碳排放区示范工程。全面节约和高效利用资源，树立节约集约循环利用的资源观，建立健全用能权、用水权、排污权、碳排放权初始分配制度，推动形成勤俭节约的社会风尚。加大环境治理力度，以提高环境质量为核心，实行最严格的环境保护制度，深入实施大气、水、土壤污染防治行动计划，实行省以下环保机构监测监察执法垂直管理制度。筑牢生态安全屏障，坚持保护优先、自然恢复为主，实施山水林田湖生态保护和修复工程，开展大规模国土绿化行动，完善天然林保护制度，开展蓝色海湾整治行动。（中国共产党第十八届中央委员会第五次全体会议公报.via:
http://ltxj.ndrc.gov.cn/ldjh/201511/t20151105_757642.html）

定义来源

中国共产党第十八届中央委员会第五次全体会议公报.via:
http://ltxj.ndrc.gov.cn/ldjh/201511/t20151105_757642.html

例句

1. 着力化解过剩产能和降本增效。重点抓好钢铁、煤炭等困难行业去产能，坚持市场倒逼、企业主体、地方组织、中央支持，运用经济、法律、技术、环保、质量、安全等手段，严格控制新增产能，坚决淘汰落后产能，有序退出过剩产能。采取兼并重组、债务重组或破产清算等措施，积极稳妥处置“僵尸企业”。完善财政、金融等支持政策，中央财政安排1000亿元专项奖补资金，重点用于职工分流安置。采取综合措施，降低企业交易、物流、财务、用能等成本，坚决遏制涉企乱收费，对违规行为要严肃查处。——《2016年政府工作报告》，2016

1. We will ensure that overcapacity is cut, costs are lowered, and business performance is improved. We will focus on addressing the overcapacity in the steel, coal, and other industries facing difficulties. In this process, the market should serve as a check, enterprises should be the major actors, local governments should play a coordinating role, and the central government should provide support. We will use economic, legal, technological, environmental, quality inspection, and safety-related means to strictly control the expansion of production capacity, shut down outdated production facilities, and eliminate overcapacity in a planned way. We will address the issue of "zombie enterprises" proactively yet prudently by using measures such as mergers, reorganizations, debt restructurings, and bankruptcy liquidations. Fiscal, financial, and other policies will be improved to support this work. One hundred billion yuan in rewards and subsidies will be provided by the central government, which will be mainly used to resettle employees laid off from these enterprises. We will take a full range of measures to reduce the transaction, logistics, financial, and energy consumption costs of enterprises, and work to put a stop to the collection of arbitrary and unwarranted fees from enterprises and be strict about investigating and punishing violations of regulations. -Quoted from Report on the Work of the Government, 2016.

2. 在重点区域实行大气污染联防联控。全面推进城镇污水处理设施建设与改造，加强农业面源污染和流域水环境综合治理。加大工业污染源治理力度，对排污企业全面实行在线监测。强化环境保护督察，做到奖惩分明。新修订的环境保护法必须严格执行，对超排偷排者必须依法严厉打击，对姑息纵容者必须依法严肃追究。——《2016年政府工作报告》，2016

2. We will coordinate efforts to prevent and control air pollution in regions where it presents a problem. We will press ahead with the nationwide development and upgrading of urban sewage treatment facilities, and strengthen comprehensive efforts aimed at controlling agricultural pollution from non-point sources and at improving the water environment in river basin areas. We will step up efforts to deal with industrial pollution at the source and conduct online monitoring of all polluting enterprises. We will strengthen environmental inspection and reward and punish as appropriate. We must ensure that the newly revised Environmental Protection Law is strictly enforced, that those who emit pollutants beyond the limit allowed by their permit or without a permit are severely punished as stipulated by law, and that those who knowingly allow such violations are held to account in accordance with the law. -Quoted from Report on the Work of the Government, 2016.

3. 资源节约型、环境友好型社会建设取得重大进展。主体功能区布局基本形成，资源循环利用体系初步建立。单位国内生产总值能源消耗和二氧化碳排放大幅下降，主要污染物排放总量显著减少。森林覆盖率提高，生态系统稳定性增强，人居环境明显改善。——《十八大报告》，2012

3. Major progress should be made in building a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society. The establishment of functiona1 zones should be basically completed, and a system for recycling resources should begin to take shape. Energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP as well as the discharge of major pollutants should decrease sharply. Forest coverage should increase, the ecosystem should become more stable, and the living environment should improve markedly. -Quoted from Hu Jintao's Report at 18th Party Congress, 2012: 18-19.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
期闭幕的中共十八届五中全会公报提出，要“全面节约和高效利用资源，树立节约集约循环利用的资源观，建立健全用能权、用水权、排污权、碳排放权初始分配制度”。诸项举措说明节能减排、可持续发展已经成为国家环境保护的重要战略，对我国经济发展和企业转型将产生深远影响，并成为国内企业健康发展道路上不可忽视的重要指标。如何做好节能减排已成为众多企业关注的焦点。——“关注全球减排，为企业提效节能——访美国wbGROUP公司Kevin Wheeler”，载于《食品安全导刊》2015年第34期

例句 2：
实施绿色可持续发展战略是从整个中国国情出发的唯一选择。去年召开的十八届五中全会明确强调，坚持绿色发展、低碳循环的理念，并建立健全用能权、用水权、排污权、碳排放权初始分配制度。——“让绿色发展成为皮革行业主旋律”，载于《西部皮革》，2016年第6期