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字词 李嘉图学派
释义

李嘉图学派【英】

The Ricardians

译文来源

Zhang Yibing: Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 121.

定义

19世纪20年代竭力维护李嘉图学说的英国经济学派,代表人物有詹姆斯·穆勒和麦克库洛赫。李嘉图学派的建立始于李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》1817年出版,从而以李嘉图为中心集结了一批坚持李嘉图经济学说的人。19世纪20—30年代英国经济学界围绕李嘉图的劳动价值论展开了一场大论战。这场论战的结局是鼎盛一时的古典政治经济学及其价值论走向衰败和解体。詹姆斯·穆勒和麦克库洛赫都是李嘉图的忠实门徒和李嘉图学说的坚定信仰者和继承者,他们把李嘉图学说看成是一个完善的体系,力图通过解释和注释来维护李嘉图学说体系。但是,他们没有能力解决李嘉图学说体系中的内在矛盾,他们对李嘉图的劳动价值论和利润理论的解释实际上使得李嘉图学说庸俗化(李蓉,刘吉成,2008:113)。1821年穆勒发表的《政治经济学纲要》是李嘉图学派解体的重要标志。李嘉图对穆勒的解释仍不满意,并力求探索出解决矛盾的新途径,但终于没有成功。在李嘉图去世后,麦克库洛赫于1825年出版的《政治经济学原理》则彻底败坏了李嘉图学说体系的基础,宣告了李嘉图学派的终结(晏智杰,2000:18)。

定义来源

[1] 李蓉,刘吉成.李嘉图学派的解体与马克思的劳动价值论[J].郧阳师范高等专科学校学报,2008(3).
[2] 晏智杰.李嘉图学派的解体及其教训[J].北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2000(6).

例句

1. 在我们看来,李嘉图学派极力主张以积累劳动代替资本——这种说法在斯密那里已经出现——只有这种意义:国民经济学愈是承认劳动是财富的唯一原理,工人就愈是被贬低、就愈是贫困,劳动本身就愈是成为商品。——这是国民经济学这门科学中的必然的理论公理,正像是现在社会生活中的真理一样。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:167

1. In my opinion, the strong Ricardian advocacy of replacing capital with accumulated labor — a view that already appeared with Smith — can mean only one thing: the more that the national economists recognize that labor is the only source of wealth, the more workers become debased and impoverished and labor itself becomes a commodity. This is a necessary theoretical axiom in the field of national economics, just as if it were a truth of modern social life. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 121-122.

2. “穆勒——完全和李嘉图学派一样——犯了这样的错误:在表述抽象规律的时候忽视了这种规律的变化或不断扬弃,而抽象规律正是通过变化和不断扬弃才得以实现的。”马克思说明了在资产阶级社会生产过程中,生产费用与价值之间的决定关系、需求与供给之间经常处于波动之中的现实运动,这其实是一种十分错综复杂的矛盾性运动过程,在资产阶级经济学家用抽象的公式表述这种现实时,都只能坠入现实运动的偶然性和片面性的陷阱中。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:177

2. Marx writes that “in expressing abstract laws, Mill—just like the Ricardians—makes the mistake of ignoring the changes and continual transcendence of these laws, though it is in change and transcendence that abstract laws are realized.” Marx explains the constant fluctuation of the determining relation between cost of production and price, as well as between supply and demand in the production process of bourgeois society. This is, in fact, an extremely complex and contradictory interaction. As such, the abstract equations used by bourgeois economists to explain this interaction are revealed to be inadequate to explain the contingencies inherent in the actual economy. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014:129-130.

3. 但是在英国,知识分子作出最大努力的方面也许在经济学。自1960年斯拉法(Sraffa)的《用商品生产商品》出版以来,人们感受到的是,这是对马克思作出的强有力的新李嘉图学派式解释。该派作者着重研究的是交换和流通领域,而不是生产领域,由此,他们抛弃了价值理论,并试图用纯量的要素,如生产价格和市场价格,来阐发出马克思的思想。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2005:327

3. But perhaps the field where there has been the most extended intellectual effort in Britain has been economics. Since the publication in 1960 of Sraffa's The Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities, a strong neo-Ricardian interpretation of Marx has made itself felt. Concentrating on the sphere of exchange and circulation rather than production, these writers reject value theory and attempt to set out Marxist ideas in terms of simply quantitative elements such as prices of production and market prices. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 340

网络参考例句

例句 1:
在经济学说史上李嘉图学派解体的历史教训昭示我们坚持活劳动创造价值原理的重要性。——“论坚持活劳动创造价值原理的重要性”,载于《四川师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2005年第4期

例句 2:
本章首先从理论文献和经验文献两个方面,系统的将国债、政府支出的宏观经济效应的现有研究进行梳理与综述,在理论文献梳理方面,本章从国债与消费、国债与私人投资及产出、政府支出与产出、政府支出和私人消费和储蓄四个方面对凯恩斯学派、货币学派、新古典学派以及李嘉图学派的各方观点进行了全面的梳理和对比评价,厘清了该领域研究的发展轨迹,为本文的实证研究提供了可靠的理论根基。——《我国国债、政府支出的宏观经济效应研究》,吉林大学博士学位论文,2014
In this part, we review the theoretical and empirical research on macroeconomic effects of debts and government expenditure. Based on theoretical research, the chapter comprehensively reviews and compares the arguments of Keynesian, Monetarism, Neoclassical, Ricardian economics from the relationship between national debts and consumption, that between national debts and private investment and output, that between government expenditure and output and that between government expenditure and private consumption and savings, and clarifies the track of the related research, providing solid theoretical foundation for further empirical research.

例句 3:
李嘉图学派不能成功解决等量资本为何获得等量利润,资本与劳动相交换如何与价值规律相符合等理论难题,导致了该学派最终解体。——“论马克思的平均利润和生产价格理论对李嘉图第二难题的解决——兼与史哉书教授商榷”,载于《当代经济研究》2010年第10期

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更新时间:2024/6/29 5:14:19