权力【英】

power

译文来源

[1]金炳华，冯契.哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2001：1148.
[2]Xi Jinping. Xi Jinping: The Governance of China [M]. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2014: 93.

定义

权力的英文是power,它来自拉丁语potestsa或者potentia，拉丁语还有一个动词potere，是指能做某件事。因此权力通常是指贯彻某种意志从而实现一定目标的能力。权力在古汉语中可不是一个词，而是两个词。“权”是说公平、权衡的意思，有“谨权量，审法度，修废官，四方之政行焉”、“权，然后知轻重”诸如此类的说法，因此汉语中的“权力”不仅是指“力”，更强调这种“力”的运用要公平、合理，只有这样才称得上是“权力”。权力不是一种简单的支配关系，权力关系其实总是均衡的，并且表现为一种比较稳定的制度或规则。权力具备四个特征：第一，权力是一种社会关系。第二，权力是一种不平等的支配关系，在权力关系中总是一方处于支配地位，另一方处在被支配的地位。第三，权力是一种制度化的、相对稳定的支配关系，这种权力关系由一定的制度、规范或者机构来保证它实现，而不需要无时无刻地诉诸武力威胁。第四，权力以一定的利益关系为基础，权力的行使和运用都有一定的目的性（孙关宏等，2003：44-46）。权力作为一种力量，可以影响并支配他人，甚至控制他人。习近平同志指出“要加强对权力运行的制约和监督，把权力关进笼子里，形成不敢腐的惩戒机制、不能腐的防范机制、不易腐的保障机制。各级领导干部都要牢记，任何人都没有法律之外的绝对权力，任何人行使权力都必须为人民服务、对人民负责并自觉接受人民监督”（习近平，2014：388）。

定义来源

[1]孙关宏，胡雨春，任军锋.政治学概论[M].复旦大学出版社，2003.
[2]习近平.习近平谈治国理政[M].外文出版社，2014.

例句

1. 坚持人民主体地位，充分调动人民积极性，始终是我们党立于不败之地的强大根基。在人民面前，我们永远是小学生，必须自觉拜人民为师，向能者求教，向智者问策；必须充分尊重人民所表达的意愿、所创造的经验、所拥有的权利、所发挥的作用。我们要珍惜人民给予的权力，用好人民给予的权力，自觉让人民监督权力，紧紧依靠人民创造历史伟业，使我们党的根基永远坚如磐石。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：27

1. The strong foundation keeping the Party invincible lies in our adhering to the peopled principal position in the country, and bringing their initiative into full play. Before the people, we are always students. Therefore, we must seek advice from them. We must fully respect their wishes, experience, rights and role. We should cherish the power conferred on us by the people and exercise it discreetly, and welcome their supervision. We should rely closely on them to create historic achievements, so as to make the foundation of our Party rock-solid. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 29.

2. 全会决定提出了一系列相互关联的新举措，包括改革司法管理体制，推动省以下地方法院、检察院人财物统一管理，探索建立与行政区划适当分离的司法管辖制度；健全司法权力运行机制，完善主审法官、合议庭办案责任制，让审判者裁判、由裁判者负责；严格规范减刑、假释、保外就医程序；健全错案防止、纠正、责任追究机制，严格实行非法证据排除规则；建立涉法涉诉信访依法终结制度；废止劳动教养制度，完善对违法犯罪行为的惩治和矫正法律，等等。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：83

2. The Decision puts forward a series of new and related measures in the following aspects: reform of the judicial management system, unification of the management of staff, funds and properties of courts and procuratorates at and below the provincial level and exploration of ways to establish a judicial jurisdiction system that is appropriately separated from the administrative divisions; improvement of the mechanism for the use of judicial power; improvement of the responsibility system for handling cases by the presiding judge and the collegiate bench, by which the judges hand down verdicts and the collegiate bench is responsible for carrying them out; strict regulation of the procedures of sentence commutation, release on parole and medical parole; improvement of the mechanism for preventing and correcting wrong cases and the accountability system, and strict implementation of the rule banning illegal evidence; establishment of a system for settling complaints involving law violations and lawsuits made in the form of letters and visits in accordance with the law; and abolition of the re-education through labor system, and improvement of laws for the punishment and correction of unlawful and criminal acts. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 93.

3. 我国现行宪法可以追溯到1949年具有临时宪法作用的《中国人民政治协商会议共同纲领》和1954年一届全国人大一次会议通过的《中华人民共和国宪法》。这些文献都以国家根本法的形式，确认了近代100多年来中国人民为反对内外敌人、争取民族独立和人民自由幸福进行的英勇斗争，确认了中国共产党领导中国人民夺取新段主主义革命胜利、中国人民掌握国家权力的历史变革。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：135-136

3. The current Constitution can be traced back to the Common Program of the Chinese Peopled Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), which was promulgated in 1949 to serve as the provisional Constitution, and the Constitution of the Peopled Republic of China adopted at the First Session of the First NPC in 1954. These documents affirmed the heroic struggle of the Chinese people against domestic and foreign enemies and their striving for national independence and peopled freedom and happiness over the previous 100 years in modem China, and affirmed the history in which the CPC led the Chinese people in winning victory in the New Democratic Revolution1 and in acquiring state power. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 149-150.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
行政权力作为公共权力的特殊分支，其状态如何，直接对整个国家的政治态势，人们的社会生活产生深远的影响。因此，本文试图在总结学界同仁成果的基础上，系统地分析转型期我国行政权力失范的成因，并提出相应的治理对策，以期为我国行政权力失范的治理和防范提出有价值的建议。——《转型期行政权力失范的原因及其治理对策研究》，湘潭大学硕士学位论文，2005
Administrative power，as a special branch of public powers, its position has direct effect on the politic situation of the whole nation and  people’s social life. This essay, based on the achievements of other scholars in this field, systematically  analyzes the cause of the disorder situation of administrative power and proposes corresponding resolution strategies. In the hope that it will be of some value to the precaution of the disorder problem.

例句 2：
在“董事会中心主义”盛行的今天，世界各国公司法都赋予了董事会极为广泛的权力。——《论董事会权力制约机制的完善》，湘潭大学硕士学位论文，2005
Nowadays, “Board of directors Center Doctrine” is accepted widely, and many company’s law around the world endues the board of directors with extremely extensive power.

例句 3：
人类历史证明，不受制约的权力必然导致腐败，腐败的实质是权力腐败。——《治理腐败的关键在于加强对权力的制约》，黑龙江大学硕士学位论文，2003
Human history has proved that power without restriction must cause corruption. The essence of corruption is corruption of power.