字词 | 生态环境 |
释义 | 生态环境【英】ecological environment; eco-environment; ecosystems and the environment译文来源[1] Xi Jinping. Xi Jinping: The Governance of China [M]. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2014: 449. 定义生态系统中各因素进行物质循环和能量交换的外部条件。包括有机环境和无机环境。各种生命因素、有机物质为有机环境,一切非生命因素、无机物质为无机环境。生态环境又有自然生态环境和人工生态环境之分,凡未经人工改造的自然生态系统,如原始森林、海洋、大气等,为自然生态环境;经过人工改造的生态系统,如农田、水利系统、人工风景区等,为人工生态环境。根据不同的功能和特点,生态环境还可分为以下几点:(1)聚落环境,指院落、村落、城市环境,是人类凭借日益发展的科学技术手段和社会生产力,有计划有目的利用改造自然环境创造出来的生存环境。(2)地理环境,指环绕人类社会的自然环境。人类的一切活动都要在地理环境中进行。(3)地质环境,主要指地表下面的坚硬地壳层。(4)星际环境,指整个的宇宙环境。聚落环境、地理环境、地质环境、星际环境中的各种成份互相影响,互相作用,进行着物质循环和能量交换,构成了充满勃勃生机的自然界。在整个生态环境中,人是最活跃的因素。人类通过自身的生产活动,不断影响改造着聚落环境、地理环境和地质环境。生态环境也反过来影响人们的生活、生产活动和经济发展。生态环境将随着科学技术水平的提高而不断得到改善和提高(黄汉江,1990:174)。环境问题是工业化世界普遍面临的一个瓶颈,世界上大多数国家都把环境保护作为社会经济政策的重要组成部分,把环境安全视为国家能源战略的重要目标。环境问题是随着经济发展特别是大规模工业化而产生的,不同经济发展阶段面临不同的环境挑战,传统环境问题主要是空气污染、水质污染和土壤污染,二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放控制是解决传统环境问题的主要途径;新兴环境问题主要是温室效应、全球变暖和气候变化,减少碳排放是气候变化治理的关键。20世纪90年代以来,随着发达国家的经济相继向集约、高效和高附加值的后工业化社会转型,传统环境问题已得到有效遏制,环境治理的重心转向应对气候变化的全球性挑战,而处于工业化阶段的发展中国家则面临着传统环境问题和气候变化的双重挑战(张建新,2014:410)。生态环境与人类的关系密切,两者之间具有统一性。人类和现存的生物不仅是生态环境发展到一定阶段的产物,而且它们的物质组成也是和生态环境的物质组成保持平衡关系,如果这种生态环境遭到了破坏,则将对人类社会的发展造成危害。所以人类在改造环境中,必须使自身同生态环境保持动态平衡。 定义来源[1] 黄汉江.投资大辞典[Z].上海社会科学院出版社,1990. 例句1. 当前,国内外环境都在发生极为广泛而深刻的变化,我国发展面临一系列突出矛盾和挑战,前进道路上还有不少困难和问题。比如:发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续问题依然突出,科技创新能力不强,产业结构不合理,发展方式依然粗放,城乡区域发展差距和居民收入分配差距依然较大,社会矛盾明显增多,教育、就业、社会保障、医疗、住房、生态环境、食品药品安全、安全生产、社会治安、执法司法等关系群众切身利益的问题较多,部分群众生活困难,形式主义、官僚主义、享乐主义和奢靡之风问题突出,一些领域消极腐败现象易发多发,反腐败斗争形势依然严峻,等等。——《习近平谈治国理政》,2014:71-72 1. As extensive and profound changes are taking place domestically and internationally, China’s development faces a series of prominent dilemmas and challenges, and there are quite a number: of problems and difficulties on its path of development: Unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable development remains a big problem. We are weak in scientific and technological innovation. The industrial structure is unbalanced and the growth mode remains inefficient. The development gap between urban and rural areas and between regions is still large, and so are income disparities. Social problems are markedly on the rise. There are many problems affecting the peopled immediate interests in education, employment, social security, health care, housing, the ecological environment, food and drug safety, workplace safety, public security, law enforcement, administration of justice, etc. Some people still lead hard lives. Formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism and extravagance are serious problems. Some sectors are prone to corruption and other types of misconduct, and the fight against corruption remains a serious challenge for us. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 78. 2. 同时也要看到,千年发展目标在不同地区和领域的落实还不平衡,许多国家在改善妇幼健康、实现男女平等和保护生态环境等方面进展不明显,不少发展中国家受到国际金融危机、自然灾害和粮食、能源市场波动的严重冲击,全球饥饿人口又有新的增加,实现千年发展目标依然任重道远。—— 《为实现千年发展目标而奋斗》,2010 2. That said, we must not lose sight of the fact that progress toward the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs) is still uneven in different regions and fields. Many countries have yet to make visible headway in improving the health of women and children, achieving gender equality, and protecting the eco-environment. A considerable number of developing countries have been hit hard by the global financial crisis, natural disasters and volatilities in the food and energy markets. And the global population living in hunger has increased. Achieving the MDGs therefore remains a long and uphill journey. -Quoted from Towards the Attainment of the Millennium Development Goals, 2010. 3. 推动形成绿色生产生活方式,加快改善生态环境。坚持在发展中保护、在保护中发展,持续推进生态文明建设。——《2016年政府工作报告》,2016 3. We should encourage green ways of working and living and speed up efforts to conserve ecosystems and the environment. We need to protect the environment while pursuing development and achieve development in a well-protected environment, making sustained efforts to build a sound ecological system. -Quoted from Report on the Work of Government, 2016, 2016. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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