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字词 买办豪绅阶级
释义

买办豪绅阶级【英】

the comprador and landlord classes

译文来源

Mao Tse-tung. Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 1) [C]. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1965: 63.

定义

买办豪绅阶级是指“城市买办阶级和乡村豪绅阶级”,主要包括官僚、买办、大地主、大银行家等,他们“对外投降帝国主义,对内以新军阀代替旧军阀”,对工农阶级进行严重的经济剥削和政治压迫。(毛泽东,1991:47)买办阶级一方面是依赖外国资本主义的资本侵入获取其经济基础,另一方面是与军阀政府相勾结,他们为了维护自身阶级的利益,借助外国势力的庇护抑制本国军阀的剥削,以谋求一定的政治地位,积累资本。买办阶级实际上也沦为帝国主义压迫中国民族资产阶级、工农阶级的工具。关于豪绅阶级,中共六大指出:“豪绅把持着公地,向佃农收租,在经济上就是地主”。豪绅是“中国古代士大夫阶层与商人的结合体,中国旧时的地主阶级旧时绅士阶级,他们在乡村中以土地经济为基础,享受着政治和文化的特权,是中国官僚封建制度之下乡村社会的统治阶级,是对中国农民阶级的剥削者”。在半封建半殖民地时期,中国社会阶级结构发生可巨大的变化,资产阶级不断发展壮大,豪绅阶级渐居次要地位。但“封建阶级、买办阶级与帝国主义之间关系密切:‘帝国主义维持着地主豪绅及封建式的行政机关,封建阶级维持着帝国主义对中国的统治’”。(董平,2012:57-60)买办豪绅阶级为了维护自身利益,常常联合帝国主义势力压迫民族中国的其他阶级,成为中国资产阶级中的反革命派。

定义来源

[1] 毛泽东.毛泽东选集(第一卷)[C].人民出版社,1991.
[2] 董平.中国第一代领导人对我国阶级阶层的分析[D].东北师范大学博士论文,2012.

例句

1. 现在国民党新军阀的统治,依然是城市买办阶级和乡村豪绅阶级的统治,对外投降帝国主义,对内以新军阀代替旧军阀,对工农阶级的经济的剥削和政治的压迫比从前更加厉害。从广东出发的资产阶级民主革命,到半路被买办豪绅阶级篡夺了领导权,立即转向反革命路上,全国工农平民以至资产阶级,依然在反革命统治底下,没有得到丝毫政治上经济上的解放。——《毛泽东选集(第一卷)》,1991:47

1. The present regime of the new warlords of the Kuomintang remains a regime of the comprador class in the cities and the landlord class in the countryside; it is a regime which has capitulated to imperialism in its foreign relations and which at home has replaced the old warlords with new ones, subjecting the working class and the peasantry to an even more ruthless economic exploitation and political oppression. The bourgeois democratic revolution which started in Kwangtung Province had gone only halfway when the comprador and landlord classes usurped the leadership and immediately shifted it on to the road of counter-revolution; throughout the country the workers, the peasants, the other sections of the common people, and even the bourgeoisie, have remained under counter-revolutionary rule and obtained not the slightest particle of political or economic emancipation. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 1), 1965: 63.

2. 中国迫切需要一个资产阶级的民主革命,这个革命必须由无产阶级领导才能完成。从广东出发向长江发展的一九二六年到一九二七年的革命,因为无产阶级没有坚决地执行自己的领导权,被买办豪绅阶级夺取了领导,以反革命代替了革命。资产阶级民主革命乃遭遇到暂时的失败。中国无产阶级和农民在此次失败中,受到很大的打击,中国资产阶级(非买办豪绅阶级)也受了打击。——《毛泽东选集(第一卷)》,1991:48

2. China is in urgent need of a bourgeois-democratic revolution, and this revolution can be completed only under the leadership of the proletariat. Because the proletariat failed to exercise firm leadership in the revolution of 1926-27 which started from Kwangtung and spread towards the Yangtse River, leadership was seized by the comprador and landlord classes and the revolution was replaced by counterrevolution. The bourgeois-democratic revolution thus met with a temporary defeat. This defeat was a heavy blow to the Chinese proletariat and peasantry and also a blow to the Chinese bourgeoisie (but not to the comprador and landlord classes). -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 1), 1965: 64.

3. 一国之内,在四围白色政权的包围中间,产生一小块或若干小块的红色政权区域,在目前的世界上只有中国有这种事。我们分析它发生的原因之一,在于中国有买办豪绅阶级间的不断的分裂和战争。只要买办豪绅阶级间的分裂和战争是继续的,则工农武装割据的存在和发展也将是能够继续的。——《毛泽东选集(第一卷)》,1991:57

3. China is the only country in the world today where one or more small areas under Red political power have emerged in the midst of a White regime which encircles them. We find on analysis that one reason for this phenomenon lies in the incessant splits and wars within China’s comprador and landlord classes. So long as these splits and wars continue, it is possible for an armed independent regime of workers and peasants to survive and grow. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 1), 1965: 73.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
官僚买办阶级、地主阶级消灭了,工人阶级、农民阶级的经济社会地位有了极大的提高,成为了国家的领导力量和社会基础,形成了工人阶级、农民阶级、小资产阶级、资产阶级四个基本阶级的格局——“中国社会阶级阶层结构变迁60年”,载于《中国人口·资源与环境》2010年第7期

例句 2:
《子夜》的创作动机长期被解读为“回答托派”,即用小说写作阐释在帝国主义压迫下,中国民族资产阶级始终无法战胜买办阶级而发展中国的资本主义经济。——“从汪蒋之争到“回答托派”:茅盾对《子夜》主题的改写”,载于《中山大学学报(社会科学版)》2017年第1期

例句 3:
而小说结局由原来设计的吴荪甫与赵伯韬在红军四起形势下的握手言和,按瞿秋白要求改写为民族资产阶级无法战胜买办,虽符合了“回答托派”的意识形态要求,却遮蔽了茅盾原本对中国社会的把握与言说方式。——“从汪蒋之争到“回答托派”:茅盾对《子夜》主题的改写”,载于《中山大学学报(社会科学版)》2017年第1期

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更新时间:2024/6/26 9:22:37