字词 | 自我解放 |
释义 | 自我解放【英】self-emancipation译文来源McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. London: Macmillan Press, 1998: 71. 定义自我解放即人的解放,是马克思用语。在马克思看来,自我解放是人经过自身的主观努力,不断认识自身、改造自身的水平,并从中能够追寻自我、实现自我,把自身从一种异己的、支配着自己的盲目的社会力量之下解放出来,最终使社会力量真正成为“为我的”力量。因此,自我解放的客观过程,就是人们凭借自己一次又一次地发现自己、确证自己、发展自己,顽强地与“驱使着人”的“异己的、与他对立的力量”抗衡,不断求得自身解放的过程。马克思终其一生都始终将目光锁定在人民群众身上,其理论的创立也是为人民群众服务的。在《博士论文》中,马克思论证了人的自由和自我意识的能动作用,强调要把世界的创造主体交给人而不是神,显现出以人为本而不是以神为本群众观的思想倾向。在《德法年鉴》中,马克思把哲学看作是无产阶级自我解放的“精神武器”和“头脑”,他试图找到改造现实的力量和途径,改变群众的境况。《共产党宣言》在本质上则是阐述无产阶级解放和人的自由全面发展的宣言书,书中马克思用阶级分析的方法指明了无产阶级革命的基本道路,揭示了无产阶级实现自我解放乃至全人类解放的根本途径。(王茜,2013:1)巴黎公社起义运动是富有历史首创精神的无产阶级自我解放的实践,体现了广大劳动群众的革命实践性,是马克思群众观的实际运用,也为马克思群众观理论的深化提供了新鲜经验。(王茜,2013:121)马克思在参加巴黎工人运动的过程中,发现了无产阶级的社会地位、阶级特点,指出无产阶级是最革命的阶级,只有无产阶级才能成为革命斗争的领导者,承担起人类解放这个伟大的历史使命。无产阶级只有首先实现自我解放,才能实现全人类的解放。(王茜,2013:26)马克思认为,无产阶级要实现自我解放,必须消灭一切不合理的生活条件,让人性得到自由发挥。(王茜,2013:85) 定义来源王茜.马克思群众观研究[D].南开大学博士学位论文,2013. 例句1. 在策略上,民粹主义思想分为两派:一派相信人民能自我解放,并试图通过和平宣传来达成这一目标;另一派则认为,有必要通过恐怖分子小集团直接打击专制制度。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:65 1. When it came to tactics, there were two schools of Populist thought: those who believe in the self-emancipation of the people and tried to achieve this by peaceful propaganda, and those who believed in the necessity of attacking the autocracy direct1y through small groups of terrorists. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 71. 2. 委员会共产主义者自认为他们已经回到马克思那里了,因为他们断言无产阶级是历史上第一个能够获得自我解放的阶级。资本主义生产过程需要一支专业化的和组织良好的工人大军,从而也武装了无产阶级,使它有能力成就为历史变革的倡导者。由于接受了无政府工联主义观点,他们也在某种程度上越出了马克思,认为不需要经过过渡性质的国家就可以达到共产主义。这些观点的先驱是卢森堡凶,以及奥地利马克思主义者马克斯·阿德勒(Max Adler),还有被列宁称为“经济主义者”的阿基莫夫(Akimov)那样的早期俄国马克思主义者。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:179-180 2. The Council Communists saw themselves as returning to Marx in their assertion that the proletariat was the first class in history to be able to achieve self-emancipation. The capitalist process of production required large units of specialised and well-organised workers and thus equipped the proletariat with the capacity to become the initiators of historical change. They also went to some extent beyond Marx by drawing on anarcho-syndicalist views to say that communism could be achieved without passing through a transitional state. Their views had been preceded by Rosa Luxemburg, by such early Russian Marxists as Akimov, who was labeled an ‘economist’ by Lenin, and by the Austro-Marxist Max Adler. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 187-188. 3. 工人阶级的自我解放绝对需要新的组织形式,这种形式不允许把工人阶级的活动与他们对社会生活和思想各个领域的管理分裂开来。潘涅库克认为,重要的是,只要工人阶级是在革命形势下被迫起来捍卫自己的利益而反对资本的利益时,他们的组织就该采取工人委员会的形式。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:181 3. Working-class self-emancipation required absolutely new forms of organisation which would not allow the separation from the working-class activity and control of the various spheres of social life and thought. Pannekoek considered it significant that whenever the working class, in a revolutionary situation, were forced to protect their own interests against those of capital, their organization took the form of workers' councils. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 189. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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