主流和支流【英】

trunk and branch; main aspect and minor aspect

译文来源

[1] Xi Jinping. Xi Jinping: The Governance of China [M]. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2014: 24-25.
[2] He Yiting. The Ideological Banner for the Development of Contemporary China—On General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Significant Instruction on the “Chinese Dream” [M]. London: New Classic Press, 2015: 16.¬

定义

主流和支流是哲学用语，表述上具有中国风格且易于理解。主流指事物的本质方面，决定事物发展的方向；支流指事物的非本质方面，是事物发展的次要的、非根本的趋势和方向。事物的主流通常由矛盾的主要方面决定，但主流与矛盾主要方面不能等同。有时矛盾的主要方面代表事物的主流，有时则不然。在社会领域中，矛盾统一体内部代表事物发展方向的矛盾一方，虽然有时还暂时处于被支配地位，但它是事物的本质方面，是决定事物发展方向的主流。主流和支流是互相对立又互相联系、互相制约的。“不能忽略非本质方面和非主流方面的问题，必须逐一地将它们解决。但是，不应当将这些看成为本质和主流，以致迷惑了自己的方向”(《毛泽东选集》第5卷第180页)。唯物辩证法要求分清事物的本质方面和非本质方面，要善于抓住事物的本质和主流。（金炳华，2003：814）。

定义来源

金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2003.

例句

1. 我们党领导人民进行社会主义建设，有改革开放前和改革开放后两个历史时期，这是两个相互联系又有重大区别的时期，但本质上都是我们党领导人民进行社会主义建设的实践探索。中国特色社会主义是在改革开放历史新时期开创的，但也是在新中国已经建立起社会主义基本制度、并进行了20多年建设的基础上开创的。虽然这两个历史时期在进行社会主义建设的思想、指导、方针政策、实际工作七有很大差别，但两者决不是彼此割裂的，更不是根本对立的。不能用改革开放后的历史时期否定改革开放前的历史时期，也不能用改革开放前的历史时期否定改革开放后的历史时期。要坚持实事求是的思想路线，分清主流和支流，坚持真理，修正错误，发扬经验，吸取教训,在这个基础上把党和人民事业继续准向前进。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：22-23

1. The process by which the people build socialism under the leadership of the Party can be divided into two historical phases—one that preceded the launch of reform and opening up in 1978, and a second that followed on from that event. The two phases—at once related to and distinct from each other—are both pragmatic explorations in building socialism conducted by the people under the leadership of the Party. Chinese socialism was initiated after the launch of reform and opening up and based on more than 20 years of development since the socialist system was established in the 1950s after the Peopled Republic of China (PRC) was founded. Although the two historical phases are very different in their guiding thoughts, principles, policies, and practical work, they are by no means separated from or opposed to each other. We should neither negate the pre-reform-and-opening-up phase in comparison with the post-reform-and-opening-up phase, nor the converse. We should adhere to the principles of seeking truth from facts and distinguishing the trunk from the branches. We should uphold truth, rectify errors, draw on practical experience, and learn lessons. This is the foundation which facilitates further advance of the cause of the Party and the people. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 24-25.

2. 所以，对改革开放前的社会主义实践探索一定要坚持实事求是的思想路线，分清主流和支流，坚持真理，修正错误，发扬经验，吸取教训。——《学习习近平总书记重要讲话》，2013：27

2. So, we have to “seek truth from facts” in the practice and exploration of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics; we should distinguish the main aspect from the minor ones; insist on truth and remedy mistakes; promote experience and learn a lesson. -Quoted from The Ideological Banner for the Development of Contemporary China—On General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Significant Instruction on the “Chinese Dream”, 2015: 16.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
因此，这场变革必然会引起人们精神世界的深刻变化。深入地研究和认识这些变化，对于分清主流和支流、正确与谬误，切实加强和改进思想政治工作不无意义。——“正确认识改革实践过程对人们思想的影响”，载于《滨州师专学报》2002年第1期
So, this change will inevitablycause the deep change of the inner world of people.A deep study and cognition of these changes will meanmuch in distinguishing mainstream from tributary,correcting from falsehood,strengthening and improving theideological and political work.

例句 2：
从一般意义上来说，社会现象都可分成主流和支流两方面。只有主流和支流一起来反映这个现象，我们才能正确、全面地了解它。——《孟浩然诗与盛唐气象》，新疆师范大学硕士学位论文，2006
Generallyspeaking, thesocialphenomenonalwaysdividesintothemainstreamandthebranchtwoaspects. Onlywhenthemainstreamandthebranchreflectedthisphenomenontogether, canweunderstanditcorrectlyandcomprehensively.

例句 3：
大学生、高校、政府都需要解放思想、与时俱进，正视我国的城市化进程，分清就业形势的主流和支流。——“地方师范院校毕业生实现非生源地就业对策分析——以河南省为例”，载于《中国大学生就业》2016年第15期
University students, universities, government and other aspects have to change minds, face up urbanization process of China, to distinguish the mainstream and tributaries of the employment situation.