字词 | 人本身与状态 |
释义 | 人本身与状态【英】person and state译文来源冯契.哲学大辞典(修订本)[Z].上海辞书出版社,2001:1159-1160. 定义德国席勒用语。他在《审美教育书简》一书中提出了这一概念。它是关于人的本质和规定性的概念。人本身指常住不变的、纯粹的、没有任何经验内容的抽象人性;状态指具体的、经验中的、受外界条件限制的、在时间中不断改变的人性。席勒认为,在绝对存在(即费希特所说的自我本身无条件设定的、未经分化的、无矛盾的自我,亦即神性)中,人本身和状态、一般人性与可变人性是统一的,而在有限存在(现实的、经验的、具体的人)中,两者则是分离的。人本身的存在根据是自由观念,状态的基础是因果关系;人本身是独立的、绝对的,状态则依附于时间。但这两者又是互相依存、缺一不可的。人性完全不变,则没有现实性;人性全部变化,则不能成其为特定的人。人本身是人的理性,状态是人的感性。两者在美学上的意义在于人性的这两个方面分别产生两种冲动:形式冲动(理性冲动)和感性冲动。两种冲动的矛盾对立由第三种冲动¾¾游戏冲动统一。席勒这一思想源于康德哲学中理性和感性分裂并由判断力统一的学说,但有很大发展(朱立元,2014:401)。 定义来源朱立元.美学大辞典(修订本)[Z].上海辞书出版社,2014. 例句1. 在批评简单地鼓吹“反时人类中心主义”的口号时,我曾经说过:“海德格尔反省人类工业文明的无根性,物欲和工具理性使人本身无家可归,‘上手状态’引发出的科技构架建构了非自然的人造权力中心,也掏空了自然存在和人类自身生存的本真一面;人不是目的,他与物一样都是工具理性‘随时到场’的手段。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:28-29 1. When criticizing the simple-minded slogan of “Against Anthropocentricism,” I once said, “Heidegger reflected upon the un-rootedness of our industrial civilization, in which the lust and the instrumental reason render human beings homeless, whereas the technical structure elicited by the ‘zuhanden’ (readiness-to-hand) not only builds an unnatural center of human power, but empties the authentic side of nature’s being and men’s existence: humankind is not the end; rather, like the material, it is the means of instrumental reason’s ‘presence-every-time’. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 51. 2. 人在景观中是被隐性控制的,不得不无意识地臣服于景观制造出来的游或规则,从而也就遮蔽了现实中真正出现的分离:一是社会的发展以生产力的增长而非人本身的发展为目的,财富的增长是社会运动的唯一内驱力,人的存在反倒成为疯狂追逐利益的工具。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:99 2. One is controlled covertly in the spectacle, having to submit to the rules of the game prescribed by the spectacle so that the separation that really emerges in reality is hidden. First, the development of the society has the increase of productivity, not the need of man himself, as its end; and that the growth of wealth is the only immanent driving force of the social movement while the existence of man becomes the tool for the mad pursuit of profit. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 146. 3. 因此,考茨基所说的“无产阶级专政”,指的不是令伯恩施坦那般恐惧的阶级战争形势或“雅各宾派的无政府状态”,而仅仅是指无产阶级在充分民主的(和议会的)制度下实行多数人的统治。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:29 3. Thus by ‘dictatorship of the proletariat’ Kautsky did not mean a situation of class war or the ‘Jacobin anarchy’ so feared by Bernstein. He merely meant the majority rule of the proletariat under fully democratic—and parliamentary—institutions. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 34. |
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