字词 | 新小资产阶级论 |
释义 | 新小资产阶级论【英】Theory of New Petty Bourgeoisie (Nicos Poulantzas)译文来源[1] Poulantzas, Nicos. Classes in Contemporary Capitalism [M]. London, NLB, 1975. 定义新小资产阶级论是当代西方阶级结构理论之一,由西方马克思主义者尼科斯·普兰查斯于1976年出版的代表作《当代资本主义社会的阶级》中提出。普兰查认为,当代资本主义社会中大多数从事各种劳务工作的雇佣工人、中下级工程师、技术人员和科学工作者、工厂企业中的中下层管理人员及各级国家机关的一般工作人员,可称为新小资产阶级。在阶级问题上,普兰查认为阶级是由“社会结构”决定的,而“社会结构”分经济、政治和意识形态不同的“结构方面”,三者具有统一性。在划分社会阶级时,虽然经济确实起着决定性作用,但政治和意识形态也起着很重要的作用。普兰查把直接从事物质生产并直接创造剩余价值的工人划入工人阶级,把其他领取工资和薪金的工人都划为“新小资产阶级”。普兰查在谈到他们的区别时认为,新小资产阶级既同工人阶级相似,又有重要区别:他们受资本家雇佣和支配,不占有生产资料,靠工资生活;但他们又不直接从事创造剩余价值的生产劳动,主要从事非生产性劳动;在政治上不是处于被监督地位,而是代替资本家进行监督和管理,在意识形态方面受资产阶级控制等。“按照这种理论,西方发达国家20世纪中末期的人口结构构成约为:雇主占7—8%,‘新小资产阶级’占70%,工人阶级占20%,即工人阶级只占劳动人口的五分之一左右,而“新小资产阶级”却占劳动人口的三分之二以上。”(金炳华,2003:1024)该理论曾引起西方马克思主义中许多人的强烈反响。 定义来源金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003. 例句1. 斯大林把国民党视为进步的革命力量,认为它绝对是反帝的,并且能完成标志着中国真正摆脱封建主义的资产阶级民主革命,并且,通过经济改造的办法为社会主义做准备。新生、弱小的共产党不能希求自己独自掌握政权,而应当参与到国民党中,由此结成民族资产阶级、小资产阶级、农民和工人“四个阶级的联盟”。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:214 1. Stalin saw the KMT as a progressive revolutionary force which was resolutely anti-imperialist and capable of carrying out the bourgeois-democratic revolution that would mark China’s definitive emergence from feudalism and, by means of economic reforms, prepare for socialism. The small nascent Communist Party could not aim at power on its own and should join the KMT in a ‘block of four classes’—national bourgeoisie, petty bourgeoisie, peasants and workers. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 223. 2. 的确,毛泽东经常笼统地谈到“群众”,但他指的是较低阶层的农民和城市小资产阶级的集合体。“缺席”的无产阶级不能担负起对抗这些群体的领导权,因而党不得不扮演起“代理人”的角色。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:233 2. Indeed, Mao often talked vaguely of ‘the masses’ by which he meant an agglomeration of the lower ranks of the peasantry and the urban petty bourgeoisie. The absent proletariat could not fulfil a hegemonic role against these groups so the party had to act as its substitute. This phenomenon of ‘substitutism’—the Party playing the role of the proletariat in the face of the peasantry whose initial aspirations were not socialist—goes a long way to explaining the authoritarian nature of the Party. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 244. 3. 中国是一个小资产阶级成份极其广大的国家,我们党是处在这个广大阶级的包围中,我们又有很大数量的党员是出身于这个阶级的,他们都不免要或长或短地拖着一条小资产阶级的尾巴进党来。小资产阶级革命分子的狂热性和片面性,如果不加以节制,不加以改造,就很容易产生主观主义、宗派主义,它的一种表现形式就是洋八股,或党八股。——《毛泽东选集(第三卷)》,1991:790 3. China is a country with a very large petty bourgeoisie and our Party is surrounded by this enormous class; a great number of our Party members come from this class, and when they join the Party they inevitably drag in with them a petty-bourgeois tail, be it long or short. Unless checked and transformed, the fanaticism and one-sidedness of petty-bourgeois revolutionaries can easily engender subjectivism and sectarianism, of which foreign stereotyped writing, or stereotyped Party writing, is one form of expression. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 3), 1965: 56. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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