土地问题【英】

the land question/ problem

译文来源

Mao Tse-tung. Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 3) [C]. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1965: 281.

定义

土地问题是关于土地关系、阶级和阶级斗争问题的总称。在不同社会经济形态中有不同的内容，这种内容是由社会制度的性质和社会发展的经济规律决定的。在奴隶社会，奴隶主夺去农民的土地，使之沦为奴隶受其剥削、统治。封建社会土地属封建主所有，农民为争取土地、争取摆脱束缚生产力发展的封建桎梏而进行的斗争，是这个时期土地问题的主要内容。资本主义社会，土地问题与资本主义在农业发展中存在着密切的联系。社会主义社会，主要是土地国有化和农村集体土地所有制之间、城市国有土地所有制与使用制之间的矛盾和问题。土地问题是任何社会制度下都不可回避的现实问题，只有积极处理好土地问题，才能保证社会稳定和社会发展（封吉昌,2011）。

定义来源

封吉昌.国土资源实用词典[Z].中国地质大学出版社有限责任公司,2011.via: http://gongjushu.cnki.net/refbook/detail.aspx?db=crfd&RECID=R2014090060000272

例句

1. （十四）三个月经验证明：凡坚决和迅速地执行了中央五月四日的指示，深入和彻底地解决了土地问题的地方，农民即和我党我军站在一道反对蒋军进攻。凡对《五四指示》执行得不够坚决，或布置的太晚，或机械地分为几个阶段，或借口战争忙而忽视土地改革的地方，农民即站在观望地位。各地必须在今后几个月内，不论战争如何忙，坚决地领导农民群众解决土地问题，并在土地改革基础上布置明年的大规模生产工作。——《毛泽东选集（第四卷）》，1991：1104

1. 14. The experience of these three months has proved that the peasants stood with our Party and our army against the attacks of Chiang Kai-shek’s troops wherever the Central Committee’s directive of May 4 was carried out firmly and speedily and the land problem was solved radically and thoroughly. The peasants took a wait-and-see attitude wherever the “May 4th Directive” was not carried out firmly or the arrangements were made too late, or wherever this work was mechanically divided into stages or land reform was neglected on the excuse of preoccupation with the war. In the coming few months all areas, no matter how busy they are with the war, must resolutely lead the peasant masses to solve the land problem and, on the basis of the land reform, make arrangements for large-scale production work next year. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 4), 1961: 116.

2. 我们主张的新民主主义经济，也是符合于孙先生的原则的。在土地问题上，孙先生主张“耕者有其田”。在工商业问题上，孙先生在上述宣言里这样说“凡本国人及外国人之企业，或有独占的性质，或规模过大为私人之力所不能办者，如银行、铁道、航空之属，由国家经营管理之；使私有资本制度不能操纵国民之生计，此则节制资本之要旨也。——《毛泽东选集（第三卷）》，1991：958

2. The economy of New Democracy which we advocate is likewise in accord with Dr. Sun’s principles. On the land question, Dr. Sun championed “land to the tiller”. On the question of industry and commerce, Dr. Sun stated in the Manifesto quoted above: Enterprises, such as banks, railways and airlines, whether Chinese-owned or foreign-owned, which are either monopolistic in character or too big for private management, shall be operated and administered by the state, so that private capital cannot dominate the livelihood of the people: this is the main principle of the regulation of capital.” -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 3), 1965: 281.

3. 乙、土地问题。各区都有约三分之二的地方执行了中央一九四六年五月四日的指示，解决了土地问题，实现了耕者有其田，这是一个伟大的胜利。但是还有约三分之一的地方，必须于今后继续努力，放手发动群众，实现耕者有其田。——《毛泽东选集（第四卷）》，1991：1111

3. (b) The Land Problem. In about two-thirds of the territory in each Liberated Area, the Central Committee’s directive of May 4, 1946 has been put into effect, the land problem has been solved and the policy of land to the tillers has been carried out; this is a great victory. There remains around one-third of the territory, however, where further efforts must be made to arouse the masses fully and put the policy of land to the tillers into effect. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 4), 1961: 124.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
贫困是近代中国乡村的普遍状态，其根源与土地问题密切相关，解决民生的关键就在于土地问题。——“争取贫雇农：中共在中央苏区的土地改革与解决乡村民生问题探析”，载于《井冈山大学学报（社会科学版）》2014年第3期
Poverty is the common state in modern China's countryside, the reason of poverty was closely related to the land issue. The key to solve the issue of people's livelihood was to solve the problems of land.

例句 2：
土地问题是农村经济制度中最基本的问题，与农民的切身利益息息相关。——“我国农村土地流转问题调查研究”，载于《北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2010年第1期
The problems of land are the most essential ones in the country economic system, and have close relationship with the interests of farmers.

例句 3：
数千年来，中国农村的土地问题一直都是国家社会经济发展的基础和关键所在。——“论农村土地承包经营制度发展及其对策”，载于《湖南警察学院学报》2015年第3期
For thousands of years, the rural land problem of China has always been the basis and the key to national social and economic development.