《论持久战》【英】

On Protracted War

译文来源

Mao Tse-tung. Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 2) [C]. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1965: 113.

定义

《论持久战》是毛泽东1938年5月26日至6月3日在延安抗日战争研究会的讲演。是他的最重要的军事著作之一。编入《毛泽东选集》第2卷。考察了中日战争所处的时代和中日双方存在着互相矛盾的基本特点，阐明了中国抗日战争的持久战总方针，指出胜利一定是中国的，批驳了亡国论和速胜论。预测中国持久抗战将经历的三个阶段，即战略防御阶段、战略相持阶段和战略反攻阶段；阐述“兵民是胜利之本”的人民战争思想，提出人民军队政治工作的三大原则，第一是官兵一致，第二是军民一致，第三是瓦解敌军；探讨实行持久战总方针所应采取的具体作战方针和原则；强调在客观条件限度之内发挥战争中自觉的能动性的重要意义。通篇充满着丰富的生动的军事辩证法思想。（金炳华，2003：823）
　在《论持久战》这部光辉著作中，毛泽东运用辩证唯物主义的立场、观点和方法，对战争的根本问题作了精辟的论述，制订了指导抗日战争的正确路线、方针、政策和人民战争的战略战术，证明了其无懈可击的正确性；它可用于指导反侵赂的现代局部战争，并经得起实践的检验。它不仅在国内成为指导抗日战争的科学的军事理论，而且在世界军事学术史上也有极高的学术价值。时间的推移、实践的检验，雄辩地证明了抗日战争正是按照毛泽东在《论持久战》中所设想的那样发展的，中国人民最终战胜了侵略者，100年来第一次在反对外国侵略的斗争中取得了完全胜利。历史见证了毛泽东的科学分析和预测，更历史地将《论持久战》这部光辉著作列入了世界十大军事名著之一的地位。（《论持久战》.via: http://baike.sogou.com/v973776.htm?fromTitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%AE%BA%E6%8C%81%E4%B9%85%E6%88%98%E3%80%8B）

定义来源

[1] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2003.
[2] 《论持久战》.via: http://baike.sogou.com/v973776.htm?fromTitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%AE%BA%E6%8C%81%E4%B9%85%E6%88%98%E3%80%8B

例句

1. 我们也不是不喜欢速胜，谁也赞成明天一个早上就把“鬼子”赶出去。但是我们指出，没有一定的条件，速胜就存在于头脑之中，客观上是不存在的，只是幻想和假道理。因此，我们客观地并全面地估计到一切敌我情况，指出只有战略的持久战才是争取最后胜利的唯一途径，而排斥毫无根据的速胜论。我们主张为着争取最后胜利所必要的一切条件而努力，条件多具备一分，早具备一日，胜利的把握就多一分，胜利的时间就早一日。我们认为只有这样才能缩短战争的过程，而排斥贪便宜尚空谈的速胜论。——《毛泽东选集（第二卷）》，1991：459

1. Not that we would not like a quick victory; everybody would be in favor of driving the “devils” out overnight. But we point out that, in the absence of certain definite conditions, quick victory is something that exists only in one’s mind and not in objective reality, and that it is a mere illusion, a false theory. Accordingly, having made an objective and comprehensive appraisal of all the circumstances concerning both the enemy and ourselves, we point out that the only way to final victory is the strategy of protracted war, and we reject the groundless theory of quick victory. We maintain that we must strive to secure all the conditions indispensable to final victory, and more fully and the earlier these conditions are secured, the surer we shall be of victory and the earlier we shall win it. We believe that only in this way the course of the war be shortened, and we reject the theory of quick victory, which is just idle and an effort to get things on the cheap. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 2), 1965: 133-134.

2. 现在我们来把持久战问题研究一下，“为什么是持久战”这一问题，只有依据全部敌我对比的基本因素，才能得出正确的回答。例如单说敌人是帝国主义的强国，我们是半殖民地半封建的弱国，就有陷入亡国论的危险。因为单纯地以弱敌强，无论在理论上，在实际上，都不能产生持久的结果。单是大小或胆识进步退步、多助寡助，也是一样。大并小、小并大的事都是常有的。进步的国家或事物，如果力量不强，常有被大而退步的国家或事物所灭亡者。多助寡助是重要因素，但是附随因素，依敌我本身的基本因素如何而定其作用的大小。因此，我们说抗日战争是持久战，是从全部敌我因素的相互关系产生的结论。——《毛泽东选集（第二卷）》，1991：459-460

2. Let us now examine the problem of protracted war. A correct answer to the question “Why a protracted war?” can arrived at only on the basis of all the fundamental contrasts between China and Japan. For instance, if we say merely that the enemy is a strong imperialist power while we are a weak semi-colonial and semi-feudal country, we are in danger of falling into the theory of national subjugation. For neither in theory nor in practice can a struggle become protracted by simply pitting the big support against the small, the progressive against the reactionary, or abundant support against meagre support. The annexation of a small country by a big one or a big country by a small country is a common occurrence. It often happens that a progressive country which is not strong is destroyed by a big, reactionary country, and the same holds for everything that is progressive but not strong. Abundant or meagre support is an important but a subsidiary factor, and the degree of its effect depends upon the fundamental factors on both sides. Therefore, when we say that the War of Resistance Against Japan is a protracted war, our conclusion is derived from the interrelations of all the factors at work on both sides. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 2), 1965: 134.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
本文在论述过程中运用了文献法、系统分析法、理论与实际相结合的方法，同时从国情观、系统观以及历史观三方面着手对《论持久战》与马克思主义中国化的关系进行了研究，这对于当今中国的发展有着重要的现实意义。——《“论持久战”与马克思主义中国化》，沈阳工业大学硕士论文，2014
In the process of writing this paper, the writer uses the literature method, systematic analysis method and linking theory with practice method to study the relationship between On the protracted War and the Sinicization of Marxism. This article set about from the view of national condition, systematic condition and history condition; it has great practical significance from the development of China.

例句 2：
《论持久战》将前两论的科学世界观、方法论、实事求是思想路线深化、具体化到抗口战争，是具体指导抗口战争胜利的伟大科学军事析学著作。——“马克思主义哲学科学世界观、方法论的胜利—— 学习‘论持久’、纪念抗日战争胜利70周年”，载于《衡阳师范学院学报》，2015年第4期
On Protracted War has deepened the ideological lines of the scientific world outlook, methodology and a factual and realistic work style of the first twos into the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.

例句 3：
研究了毛泽东的《论持久战》，认为毛泽东在《论持久战》中运用辩证法对抗日战争的全局和发展进行了统的思考，具有明显的系统观点。——“毛泽东《论持久战》中的系统观点”，载于《北京工业大学学报(社会科学版)》，2003年第2期
The author thinks that Mao Zedong took the whole situation of Chinese anti-Japanese war into a systematic consideration and had the following viewpoints.