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字词 集体农庄
释义

集体农庄【英】

collective farm

译文来源

Lenin, V. I. Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 31) [M]. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1974: 527.

定义

集体农庄,又称农业劳动组合。它是十月革命后,前苏联劳动农民自愿组成的集体经济组织。前苏联建立在生产资料集体所有制和集体劳动基础上的社会主义农业企业。在苏维埃政权初期,苏联农村曾经出现过农业公社、共耕社、农业劳动组合等多种形式的集体农业。30年代初苏联开展全盘集体化运动时,确定农业劳动组合为集体化的基本形式。此后,通常就把农业劳动组合称为集体农庄。在集体农庄中,基本生产资料如大型农具、役畜、畜群、经营用建筑物等等,属于集体所有;庄员进行集体劳动;农庄的收入在扣除补偿生产资料消耗、提取公有基金以后,按庄员的劳动数量和质量分配给个人消费。同时允许庄员保留一定数量的宅旁园地和小农具,自养一定数量的牲畜和家禽,经营家庭副业。集体农庄的诞生一方面是苏俄在战争紧迫关头的应急性措施,是苏俄国家利益最大化的表现,也是列宁在马克思主义关于合作社的思想中的一种继承。列宁的初衷是通过集体农庄使单个的农业生产走向社会化的大生产,是有利于农民利益的。然而鉴于当时苏俄长期的小农生产的状况,生产力的落后性比比皆是,较低的生产力水平要求低层次的生产关系与之相适应。但集体农庄超越了当时苏俄的生产力情况,提前按照马克思恩格斯的共产主义设想进入到了操作的实践层面,所以它只能是昙花一现提前夭折(徐凤莉,2015:215)。

定义来源

徐凤莉.苏俄集体农庄向合作社转变探源[J].沈阳工程学院学报(社会科学版),2015(2).

例句

1. 如果国家将充分掌握满足国家需要的一切必要的储备以及一切农具和技术工具,那就需要有日益增多的储备,而我们刚刚在争取获得这样的储备。因此,说在这里把国营农场和集体农庄的任务混淆起来了,我认为是不正确的。集体农庄的问题并非当务之急。——《列宁全集(第四十卷)》,1986:177

1. The peasants must be supplied with agricultural machinery and implements. If the state is to be in a position to meet all requirements and to provide all the necessary agricultural and technical equipment it will need a steadily growing fund. But we are reaching this position very slowly. That is why I think it is wrong to confuse the issue with the tasks of the state farms and collective farms. The collective farms are not an immediate problem. -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 31), 1974: 527.

2. 最后,他总结说——这简直是一个置千百万人于死地的声明“还有一个同样可笑的问题:能不能让富农加入集体农庄?当然不能让他们加入集体农庄。所以不能,是因为他们是集体农庄运动的死敌。人们是会这样认为的。”——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2005:136-137

2. He continued: ‘1t is ridiculous and fatuous to expatiate today on the expropriation of kulaks. You do not lament the loss of the hair of one who has been beheaded’, and concluded, in a statement that spelt death for millions: ‘there is another question which seems no less ridiculous: whether the kulak should be permitted to join the collective farms. Of course not, for he is a sworn enemy of the collective farm movement. Clearly, one would think.’ -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 146.

3. 20世纪60年代初,赫鲁晓夫实行了与俄国经济学家李普曼(Libermann)的名字联系在一起的、有限度的经济分权方案。不过,他首先集中改进在斯大林统治下受到严重忽视的农业部门。恢复了物质刺激,改善了投资,允许集体农庄管理自己的机械化动力,着手大力开垦哈萨克斯坦的处女地。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2005:150

3. In early 1960s, Krushchev implemented proposals for a limited degree of economic decentralisation associated with the name of the Russian economist Libermann. But above all he concentrated on improving the agricultural sector, which had been so neglected under Stalin. Material incentives were restored, investment improved, collective farms were allowed to control their own mechanised power, and a great drive was launched to bring under cultivation the Virgin Lands of Kazakhstan. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 159.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
苏俄集体农庄的实行是主观上对社会主义的粗陋理解和客观上苏俄现实状况所决定的。——“苏俄集体农庄向合作社转变探源”,载于《沈阳工程学院学报(社会科学版)》2015年第2期
Practice of Soviet Collective Farm is determined by the poor understanding of socialism subjectively and realistic condition of Soviet Russia objectively.

例句 2:
20世纪50年代开始的中国农业合作化虽然以苏联农业集体化运动为师,但两者也存在明显差异。——“苏联集体农庄与中国农业生产合作社的差异分析”,载于《湖南农业大学学报(社会科学版)》2014年第3期
Chinese agricultural production cooperative was established based on the Soviet collective farm, these are many differences.

例句 3:
由于种种原因,第一个社会主义国家前苏联,游离了马恩的这一思想,按照马恩农业工人合作理论思路,建立了高度集中统一的集体农庄模式。——“农民合作理论:游离、回归与超越——社会主义国家农业合作发展路径探讨”,载于《中国农学通报》2010年第5期
For various reasons, the first socialist country, the Soviet Union, freed from the idea, but according to Marx and Engels thought of agricultural workers’ cooperation theories, established a highly centralized model of collective farms.

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更新时间:2024/6/29 4:19:21