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字词 类意识
释义

类意识【英】

species-consciousness; consciousness of species

译文来源

[1] 金炳华.哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2001: 798.
[2] Lukács, G. History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics[M]. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 1968: 173.
[3] Zhang Yibing: Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 183.

定义

类意识就是人对于类存在的自我意识。最初由德国费尔巴哈提出,以后马克思不再使用“类意识”这个术语,明确地把人的意识归结为人的社会存在的反映(金炳华,2001:798)。类意识的实质是体现在个人活动中的社会意识与社会理性,类意识使人们的交往、互动及精神的一致成为可能,由于类意识的作用,人们的行为将摆脱任何单一机动的支配,而且有更丰富的现实特征。从表现形式上看,类意识主要表现为集体意识和个体意识的辩证统一。集体意识是类意识的基本表现形式,这里的集体意识并不是传统意义上的集体意识。传统意义上的集体意识在某种程度上可以说是一种群体意识,它在凝聚个体力量的同时,又在限制和束缚个体生命创造能力的发挥和发展,个体意识处在一种泯灭状态中,而类意识当中所表现出的集体并不是泯灭个体意识的集体,而是在个体独立、个体充分发展基础之上的集体。因此,个体意识也是类意识的一个必然表现形式。这里的个体意识就是指自我意识,就是指意识到自身需要和目的,意识到自身地位和作用的意识,也就是主体意识,它构成了类意识的存在前提(杨经录,2007:172)。

定义来源

[1] 金炳华.哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2001.
[2] 杨经录.类意识:社会主义和谐社会人的基本意识[J].当代世界与社会主义,2007(3).

例句

1. 如果有人试图在这儿把一种直接的存在形式赋与阶级意识的话,那就不可避免地也会陷入神秘之中:一种神秘的类意识(和黑格尔的“国民精神”一样的神秘。)这种类意识对个体意识的关系,它对个体意识的影响是完全不可把握的,而且由于一种机械的自然主义的心理学而变得更如不可把握,而最后它竟成了运动的主宰。——《历史与阶级意识:关于马克思主义辩证法的研究》,1996:258-259

1. If the attempt is made to attribute an immediate form of existence to class consciousness, it is not possible to avoid lapsing into mythology: the result will be a mysterious species-consciousness (as enigmatic as the ‘spirits of the nations’ in Hegel) whose relation to and impact upon the individual consciousness is wholly incomprehensible. It is then made even more incomprehensible by a mechanical and naturalistic psychology and finally appears as a demiurge governing historical movement. -Quoted from History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics, 1968: 173.

2. 作为类意识,人确证自己的现实的社会生活,并且只是在思维中复现自己的现实存在;反之,类存在则在类意识中确证自己,并且在自己的普遍性中作为思维着的存在物自为地存在着……人是一个特殊的个体,并且正是他的特殊性使他成为一个个体,成为一个现实的、单个的社会存在物,同样地他也是总体、观念的总体、被思考和被感知的社会的主体的自为存在。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:243

2. In his consciousness of species, man confirms his real social life and simply repeats his real existence in thought, just as conversely the being of the species confirms itself in species consciousness and exists for itself in its generality as a thinking being. Man, much as he may therefore be a particular individual (and it is precisely his particularity which makes him an individual, and a real individual social being), is just as much the totality—the ideal totality—the subjective existence of imagined and experienced society for itself; just as he exists also in the real world both as awareness and real enjoyment of social existence, and as a totality of human manifestation of life. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 183.

3. 黑格尔“在抽象的范围内把劳动理解为人的自我产生的行动,把人对自身的关系理解为对异己本质的关系,把那作为异己存在物来表现自身的活动理解为生成着的类意识和类生活”。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:265

3. Within the sphere of abstraction, Hegel conceives labor as man’s act of self-genesis—conceives man’s relation to himself as an alien being and the manifestation of himself as an alien being to be the emergence of species-consciousness and species-life. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 200.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
同时,针对黑格尔的辩证法及其精神哲学的抽象性和虚幻性,马克思揭示了意识或自我意识的异化就是人的本质的全部异化,明确了自然的、现实的、感性的人是在其类生活中确证类存在和类意识的彼此统一。——“《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的人学美学批判”,载于《湖北大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2008年第4期
Aiming at the abstraction and illusionness of Hegel’s dialectic and spiritual philosophy, uncovering the alienation of consciousness or self-consciousness is the whole alienation of the person’s essence,Marx accentuates it’s in ones species living that natural realistic sensible person corroborates the unification of species existence with species consciousness.

例句 2:
青年时期的马克思在人与动物的关系、人与自然界的关系、人的类本质和人的实践等方面对“人”进行了探索,得出了人是具有类意识的存在物等重要理论。——“马克思人类学思想探析”,载于《重庆交通大学学报(社会科学版)》2013年第4期
Marx explores “person” in the relationship between man and animals, man and nature, the relationship between the class nature and the practice of person in his youth period and come a conclusion that the person is a kind of consciousness of existence and other important theories.

例句 3:
“类”是与“人”字相提并论的另一个词,合称“人类”,这一合称深刻而充分地揭示了人的本性,即人的“类本性”。人是“类存在物”,人具有“类本质”、“类意识”,人要过“类生活”、要“类化”。从“类”可以探求到人权的起源和基础。——“类、人类与人权的起源和基础”,载于《中国社会科学院研究生院学报》2014年第3期
The ‘kind’ is always discussed with the word ‘man’, and they are called ‘mankind’ together. Such a call reveals profoundly and fully the human nature, namely human ‘species-nature’. Mankind is the ‘species-being’

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更新时间:2024/7/1 9:05:06