字词 | 按需分配 |
释义 | 按需分配【英】distribution according to needs; to each according to his needs译文来源[1] Zhang Yibing. A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek [M]. Berlin: Canut International Publishers, 2011: 308. 定义全称“各尽所能,按需分配”。按需分配是马克思预计未来共产主义社会高级阶段分配个人消费品的原则(金炳华等,2001:29)。按需分配最早是由早期空想社会主义者T.莫尔(1477-1535)在其《关于最完美的国家制度和乌托邦新岛的既有益又有趣的金书》(1516,简称《乌托邦》)中提出的。然而,莫尔的按需要分配带有禁欲主义和平均主义的色彩,莫尔的思想影响着以后的空想社会主义者。K.马克思和F.恩格斯在1845—1846年合著的《德意志意识形态》中对“真正的社会主义者”进行批判时,第一次提出共产主义分配原则应是“按需分配”。在1875年《哥达纲领批判》一书中,马克思在对资本主义经济制度及其运动规律作了深刻而系统的考察的基础上,对这一原则进行了科学的论述,将其视为人类历史从社会主义发展到共产主义的主要标志(各尽所能,按需分配.via:http://www.baike.com/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%B0%BD%E6%89%80%E8%83%BD%EF%BC%8C%E6%8C%89%E9%9C%80%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D)。与按劳动分配原则不同,按需分配不再根据每个劳动者向社会提供的劳动数量和质量分配相应的消费品,而是按照每个社会成员的合理的实际需要来分配消费品。按需分配的实现要求必要的前提条件:一是社会生产力的极大发展和物质产品的极大丰富;二是工农差别、城乡差别、脑力劳动和体力劳动的本质差别的消失;三是社会科学文化的极大提高和普及,以及人们的共产主义思想和觉悟的普遍提高;四是劳动对每个人而言已成为生活的第一需要,人们将能自觉地、不计报酬地、尽其所能地为社会劳动;五是人们不再屈从于旧式的分工,已经获得全面自由发展的条件(金炳华等,2001:29)。 定义来源[1] 金炳华,冯契.哲学大辞典(修订本)上册[Z].上海辞书出版社,2001. 例句1. 更可气的是,鲍德里亚认定马克思的共产主义理想也建立在这种未经反思的资产阶级自然观之上,所以,马克思才会憧憬物质财富的“按需分配”。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思主义思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:229 1. To Baudrillard’s disappointment, Marx’s communist ideal is also based on this unreflecting bourgeois conception of nature, which gives rise to his vision of the material “distribution according to needs.” -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 307-308. 2. 自从开始由按劳分配的社会主义向按需分配的共产主义过渡以来,苏联提出了“一切为了人”的口号,并开始探讨关于个人自由、尊重法制和人格尊严等新论题。各国工人政党纷纷庆贺社会主义人道主义的成就;他们在《资本论》中,并日益频繁地在马克思青年时代的著作中,寻找社会主义人道主义的理论根据。——《保卫马克思》,1984:190 2. As it enters the period which will lead it from socialism (to each according to his labour) to communism (to each according to his needs), the Soviet Union has proclaimed the slogan: All for Man, and introduced new themes: the freedom of the individual, respect for legality, the dignity of the person. In workers’ parties the achievements of socialist humanism are celebrated and justification for its theoretical claims is sought in Capital, and more and more frequently, in Marx’s Early Works. -Quoted from For Marx, 1965: 221. 3. 这些委员会将组建一个首先是按劳而分配的社会,再达到这样的阶段:社会消费超过个人消费,自由分享确保《哥达纲领批判》中“各尽所能,按需分配“这一著名口号的实现。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2005:181 3. These councils would organize a society in which distribution would first conform to labour expended until a stage had been reached in which social consumption would outweigh individual consumption and in which free sharing would ensure the implementation of the famous slogan from the Crituque of the Gotha Programme: ‘From each according to his ability, to each according to his need.’ -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 190. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
随便看 |
汉译英翻译词典收录7925条汉英翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用中文字词的英语拼写、翻译、音标、读音、用法、例句等,是英语学习的有利工具。