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字词 按需分配
释义

按需分配【英】

distribution according to needs; to each according to his needs

译文来源

[1] Zhang Yibing. A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek [M]. Berlin: Canut International Publishers, 2011: 308.
[2] 金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003:327.
[3] Lane, A. For Marx [M]. The Penguin Press, 1965: 221.
[4] From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs. via: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/From_each_according_to_his_ability,_to_each_according_to_his_needs

定义

全称“各尽所能,按需分配”。按需分配是马克思预计未来共产主义社会高级阶段分配个人消费品的原则(金炳华等,2001:29)。按需分配最早是由早期空想社会主义者T.莫尔(1477-1535)在其《关于最完美的国家制度和乌托邦新岛的既有益又有趣的金书》(1516,简称《乌托邦》)中提出的。然而,莫尔的按需要分配带有禁欲主义和平均主义的色彩,莫尔的思想影响着以后的空想社会主义者。K.马克思和F.恩格斯在1845—1846年合著的《德意志意识形态》中对“真正的社会主义者”进行批判时,第一次提出共产主义分配原则应是“按需分配”。在1875年《哥达纲领批判》一书中,马克思在对资本主义经济制度及其运动规律作了深刻而系统的考察的基础上,对这一原则进行了科学的论述,将其视为人类历史从社会主义发展到共产主义的主要标志(各尽所能,按需分配.via:http://www.baike.com/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%B0%BD%E6%89%80%E8%83%BD%EF%BC%8C%E6%8C%89%E9%9C%80%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D)。与按劳动分配原则不同,按需分配不再根据每个劳动者向社会提供的劳动数量和质量分配相应的消费品,而是按照每个社会成员的合理的实际需要来分配消费品。按需分配的实现要求必要的前提条件:一是社会生产力的极大发展和物质产品的极大丰富;二是工农差别、城乡差别、脑力劳动和体力劳动的本质差别的消失;三是社会科学文化的极大提高和普及,以及人们的共产主义思想和觉悟的普遍提高;四是劳动对每个人而言已成为生活的第一需要,人们将能自觉地、不计报酬地、尽其所能地为社会劳动;五是人们不再屈从于旧式的分工,已经获得全面自由发展的条件(金炳华等,2001:29)。

定义来源

[1] 金炳华,冯契.哲学大辞典(修订本)上册[Z].上海辞书出版社,2001.
[2] 各尽所能,按需分配.via:http://www.baike.com/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%B0%BD%E6%89%80%E8%83%BD%EF%BC%8C%E6%8C%89%E9%9C%80%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D

例句

1. 更可气的是,鲍德里亚认定马克思的共产主义理想也建立在这种未经反思的资产阶级自然观之上,所以,马克思才会憧憬物质财富的“按需分配”。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思主义思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:229

1. To Baudrillard’s disappointment, Marx’s communist ideal is also based on this unreflecting bourgeois conception of nature, which gives rise to his vision of the material “distribution according to needs.” -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 307-308.

2. 自从开始由按劳分配的社会主义向按需分配的共产主义过渡以来,苏联提出了“一切为了人”的口号,并开始探讨关于个人自由、尊重法制和人格尊严等新论题。各国工人政党纷纷庆贺社会主义人道主义的成就;他们在《资本论》中,并日益频繁地在马克思青年时代的著作中,寻找社会主义人道主义的理论根据。——《保卫马克思》,1984:190

2. As it enters the period which will lead it from socialism (to each according to his labour) to communism (to each according to his needs), the Soviet Union has proclaimed the slogan: All for Man, and introduced new themes: the freedom of the individual, respect for legality, the dignity of the person. In workers’ parties the achievements of socialist humanism are celebrated and justification for its theoretical claims is sought in Capital, and more and more frequently, in Marx’s Early Works. -Quoted from For Marx, 1965: 221.

3. 这些委员会将组建一个首先是按劳而分配的社会,再达到这样的阶段:社会消费超过个人消费,自由分享确保《哥达纲领批判》中“各尽所能,按需分配“这一著名口号的实现。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2005:181

3. These councils would organize a society in which distribution would first conform to labour expended until a stage had been reached in which social consumption would outweigh individual consumption and in which free sharing would ensure the implementation of the famous slogan from the Crituque of the Gotha Programme: ‘From each according to his ability, to each according to his need.’ -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 190.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
由个体的私有制所产生和决定的私有社会的、有差别的劳动尺度,并不能使按劳分配的历史作用获得实现,权利平等获得实现的历史性前提,就是共产主义社会的占有制度,这种制度是生产关系和生产力都获得高度发展的完备状态历史结果,此时,按劳分配和按需分配相结合,才能真正导致权利的平等。——《马克思权利思想研究以占有、劳动、分配为视角》,西南政法大学博士学位论文,2014
Private social and decision produced by private individuals, labor have different scales, and can’t make the historical role of distribution according to work to achieve the equality of rights of possession system, must have the Communist society, the complete state of a highly developed in the relations of production and productivity, distribution according to work and distribution according to need combining the distribution, can really lead to the equality of rights.

例句 2:
过去人们因为时代的需要和受历史条件的规约,注重从公有制、计划经济、按需分配等制度层面认识共产主义,往往忽视缺失了一个基本方面,那就是作为主体的根本目的的人。——《以人为本的共产主义对马克思共产主义的新解读》,山东师范大学博士学位论文,2010
In the past, the people understood the Communism mainly from the angle of social systems, such as public ownership, planned economy, the principle of to each according to his needs, etc.

例句 3:
其解决之道在于实现社会主义,即按需生产,按需分配,既把劳动作为生活的第一需要,又把需要作为生产的内在.限制,“按照美的规律来建造”一个人与自然协同进化的区域共同体。——《马克思生态学思想研究》,南京大学硕士学位论文,2012
Its solution lies in realizing socialism, namely, to produce according to need and distribute according to need. It requires making work the first need of life and making needs an internal limit on product

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更新时间:2024/11/5 9:46:30