关系的自相矛盾【英】

self-contradiction of relations

译文来源

[1] 金炳华，冯契.哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2001：471.
[2] Francis Herbert Bradley’s Moral and Political Philosophy. via: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bradley-moral-political/#EndMor

定义

英国布拉德雷根据其实在自身一贯，现象具有矛盾的观点证明内在关系与外在关系都是现象而非实在的理论。认为关系必有关系者，如a与b是两关系者，有关系R，如为外在关系，则关系者a、b与关系R是外在联系，在联系时a与R先有关系R1，同理a与R1之间又必有关系R2，这样可推至无穷，因而这种外在关系不能成立。a与b如为内在关系，a与b在关系R之内，则aRb合而为一，不成其为关系，只是一物。这种论证从关系之分裂为关系者与关系，论证关系的矛盾，使关系不能成立，以反证其现象与实在不可分的绝对唯心主义理论（金炳华等，2001：471）。

定义来源

金炳华，冯契.哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2001.

例句

1. 唯物主义提供了一个完全客观的标准，它把生产关系划为社会结构，并使人有可能把主观主义者认为不能应用到社会学上来的重复性这个一般科学标准，应用到这些关系上来。当他们还局限于思想的社会关系（即通过人们的意识而形成的社会关系）时，他们不能发现各国社会现象中的重复性和常规性，他们的科学至多不过是记载这些现象，收集素材。——《列宁全集（第一卷）》，1984：109-110

1. So long as they confined themselves to ideological social relations (i.e., such as, before taking shape, pass through man’s consciousness) they could not observe recurrence and regularity in the social phenomena of the various countries, and their science was at best only a description of these phenomena, a collection of raw material. -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 1), 1977: 140.

2. 以恩格斯之见，首先，竞争正是资产阶级社会经济运作中垄断的对立面。与私有制一样，它本身就是自相矛盾的。因为在竞争中，“个人的利益是要占有一切，社会的利益是要使每个人所占有的都相等。所以，公共利益和私人利益是直接对立的。其次，竞争的规律是“供和求始终力图互相适应，但是正因为如此，就从来不会互相适应。双方又重新脱节，并转而成为尖锐的对立”。这是因为，资产阶级社会生产过程的本质是经济规律的不自觉性和不健全性，竞争的规律永远是一种自发的无法控制的非主体性调节。——《回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语》，2009：129

2. According to Engels, competition is the opposite of the monopoly of bourgeois social economics. Just like the private system, it is full of internal contradictions. As he writes in Umriß zu einer Kritik der Nationalökonomie, this is because in competition “it is in the interest of each [person or company] to possess everything, but in the interest of the whole that each possess an equal amount. Thus, the interest of the whole and the individual are diametrically opposed to each other.” Furthermore, the law of competition is that “demand and supply always strive to complement each other, and therefore never do so. The two sides are torn apart again and transformed into sharp opposition.” This opposition arises because in terms of economic law, the essence of the production process of bourgeois society is unconscious and incomplete; the rules of competition are always a kind of spontaneous, uncontrollable, non-subjective process of adjustment. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 89.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
第三部分，是对该款的内省，立法（平行关系与包容关系的自相矛盾、形式解释与实质解释的法律冲突、主观要件与客观要件的割裂评价、法律术语的含混不清）理论（该款的权利与义务的不周延、该款与期待可能性的重复评价、该款的防卫限度模糊）与实务（适用该款情形的搁置与扩张、人权保障下的防卫权限紧缩）的各个方面都存在严重的缺陷与冲突，这为该款的修正提供了依据。——《正当防卫特别规定研究——<刑法>第20条第3款之述评与思考》，西南大学硕士学位论文，2012
The third part. I introspect that all aspects of legislation (the self-contradictory between parallel relationship with inclusive relationship, the conflict of form of interpretation and substantive interpretation, the fragmented evaluation of subjective elements, and the vagueness of the legal terminology) ,theory (non-comprehensive of rights and obligations of the provision, the repeated evaluation of the provision and expected possibility, the subsection fuzzy of defense limit) and practice ( shelved and expansion of the application situation of provision, the permissions tightening of defense under the protection of human rights) had serious flaws and conflicts, where the problem is, how to grasp this seemingly rational law.