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字词 布哈林
释义

布哈林【英】

Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin

译文来源

[1] McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. London: Macmillan Press, 1998: 98.
[2] Nikolai Bukharin. via: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Bukharin

定义

尼古拉·伊万诺维奇·布哈林(1888—1938),马克思主义理论家、革命家、经济学家,联共(布)党和共产国际的主要领导人之一。布哈林曾任联共(布)党中央委员会委员和政治局委员,共产国际执行委员会委员、政治书记处书记,《真理报》主编,被誉为苏共“党内头号思想家”、“党的最宝贵的和最大的理论家”。列宁去世后,布哈林在与党内反对派的论战中,在苏联社会主义建设的实践中,继承和发展了列宁的新经济政策思想,阐发了许多列宁未能系统论述的观点,富有创见地提出了“落后型社会主义”、“和平长入社会主义”以及国民经济发展“平衡论”等理论,对如何把经济落后的苏联建成社会主义强国作了许多理论探索(崔剑,2006:95)。后由于和斯大林的政见分歧于1937年被开除出苏联共产党。1938年3月14日,布哈林同李可夫等人一并被秘密枪决。布哈林不仅对于欧洲和俄国的马克思主义理论产生了重要影响,还对于中国革命产生了重要的影响。五四后,布哈林在中国流传最广的著作是他与普列澳布拉任斯基合作完成的《共产主义ABC》,可以说,这影响了一代中国早期马克思主义者的成长。邓小平在1992年南方谈话中还提到了这一著作对他的影响。布哈林以博学多才著称,著有经济学理论方面的著作:《过渡时期的经济》(1920)、《历史唯物主义理论》(1921)等。长篇小说《一年四季》、《诗歌集》、《哲学文集》等。其中《社会主义和文化》一书在当代被称之为“布哈林预言”。

定义来源

崔剑.布哈林的社会主义建设理论探析[J].广西社会科学,2006(8).

例句

1. 布尔什维克在1918-1921年间所遇到的内战和严重混乱,迫使它取缔了先前的自由。以布哈林(Bukharin)与列宁为对立的双方,在缔结对德和约问题上曾有过非常公开的辩论;到1921年以前,在经济政策和对苏维埃与工会的关系问题上也发生了多次争论。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2005:90

1. The civil war and severe dislocation that confronted the Bolsheviks from 1918 to 1921 necessitated a clamp-down on previous liberties. There had been a very open debate on the sort of peace to be concluded with the Germans, and until 1921 there was much discussion of economic policies and relationships to the Soviets and trade unions, with Bukharin and Lenin on opposite sides. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 98.

2. 如果有所改变的话,后一本书对经典马克思主义及其理论遗产采取了更强硬的路线。重点是马克思主义经济理论,它被认为不足以应对当前的文化状况,自马克思时代以几乎没有进步,并且自希法亭、鲁宾、布哈林和列宁等马克思主义者以来无疑没有取得重大的进步。——《后马克思主义思想史》,2011:82

2. The latter takes, if anything, an even tougher line towards classical Marxism and its theoretical heritage. The focus is on Marxist economic theory, which is held to be woefully inadequate to deal with the current cultural situation, having hardly advanced at all since the time of Marx, and certainly not significantly since the work of such early Marxists as Hilferding, Rubin, Bukharin and Lenin. -Quoted from Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, 2001: 53.

3. 列宁具体参考了英国自由党人霍布森(Hobson)(他曾主张,殖民扩张应归咎于缺乏国内的投资机会)和希法亭,但更直接的资料来源却是布哈林的《世界经济和帝国主义》,该书在列宁这本小册子的前几个月写成。布哈林把希法亭从金融资本主义的必然要求的角度而对帝国主义所作的分析作为自己的出发点,接着描述了希法亭著作出版后几年以来垄断发展的程度:国家日益增强的干预已使整个国民经济以资本主义托拉斯或家资本主义的形式组织起来。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2005:82

3. Lenin made specific references to the English Liberal Hobson (who had claimed that colonial expansion was due to a lack of home investment opportunities) and to Hilferding: but his most immediate source was Bukharin’s Imperialism and the World Economy, which was completed a few months before Lenin’s pamphlet. Bukharin took as his starting point Hilferding’s analysis of imperialism in terms of the necessary demands of financial capitalism; and he went on to describe the extent to which monopoly had developed in the few years since Hilferding’s book. The increasing intervention of the State had led to the national economy as a whole being organised in the form of a capitalist trust or state capitalism. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 105.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
改革开放以来,国内学术界对布哈林的平衡论思想展开了多角度、深层次的研究,取得了丰硕的成果。——“改革开放以来布哈林平衡论思想研究述评——基于马克思社会有机体理论的视角”,载于《理论界》2015年第4期
Since the reform and opening, domestic academia shave launched a multi-angle, indepth study on the Balance Theory of Bukharin and achieved fruitful results.

例句 2:
尼古拉·伊万诺维奇·布哈林是联共(布)著名的经济学家,其农业经济思想包含着科学、合理的因素,与列宁晚年的新经济政策思想相接近,丰富和发展了马克思主义的经济理论。——《布哈林社会主义农业经济思想及其当代价值》,辽宁师范大学硕士学位论文,2015
Nicholas Ivanovich Bukharin was a famous economist of Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, whose agricultural economy thoughts included scientific and rational factors. They were close to the new economic policy thoughts in the last years of Lenin and enriched and developed the economic theories of Marxism.

例句 3:
尼古拉·伊万诺维奇·布哈林(1888-1938)是享有世界声誉的马克思主义理论家,是联共(布)和共产国际的著名领导人。——《布哈林国民经济平衡发展观的当代价值》,广西师范大学硕士学位论文,2007
Nikolai·Ivanovich·Bukharin (1888-1938) is world famous Maxist theorist as a communistic union leader .

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更新时间:2024/11/5 9:47:20