布尔什维克革命【英】

Bolshevik Revolution; October Revolution; October Uprising; Red October

译文来源

[1] McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. London: Macmillan Press, 1998: 57.
[2] October Revolution. via: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_Revolution

定义

布尔什维克革命又称俄国十月革命、十月起义、红色十月等，是俄国工人阶级在布尔什维克党领导下联合贫农所完成的伟大的社会主义革命。布尔什维克革命是俄国1917年革命中第二个、也是最后的重要阶段，其最终追求的目标是建立苏维埃制度。1917年初，沙皇政府的长期统治，连年的帝国主义大战已把俄国人民拖到了濒于崩溃的边缘，革命一触即发（蒲国良，2007：19）。1917年11月7日（俄历10月25日），由列宁领导、托洛茨基指挥的布尔什维克武装力量向资产阶级临时政府所在地圣彼得堡冬宫发起总攻，推翻了俄罗斯的资本主义政权——克伦斯基临时政府，建立了苏维埃政权。由此，世界上第一个社会主义国家宣告诞生。这次革命导致了1918年至1920年的俄国内战和1922年苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟（苏联）的成立。最重要的一点是，布尔什维克革命的胜利开创了人类历史的新纪元，为世界各国无产阶级革命、殖民地和半殖民地的民族解放运动开辟了胜利前进的道路。

定义来源

蒲国良.布尔什维克与十月革命[J].当代世界与社会主义，2007（4）.

例句

1. 罗莎·卢森堡的《朱尼厄斯的小册子》（其中对第二国际的瓦解作了深刻的分析）与标题很是切题的《非此即彼》对他们的态度作了最好的阐述。这两本著作都已由斯巴达克联盟发表，其主要观点是：全面反对战争，把战争视为不同国家资产阶级之间的帝国主义竞争；顺理成章地强调国际主义；依靠群众的行动来达到他们的目标。与这后一种观点相关联的是对布尔什维克革命的评论，这种评论是1918年卢森堡在狱中写的。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》，2005：51

1. Their attitude is best illustrated by Rosa Luxemburg’s Junius Pamphlet, with its trenchant analysis of the collapse of the International, and her appropriately entitled Either-Or. Both were published by the Spartacus League, whose main views were: wholesale opposition to the war, which was viewed as a result of imperialist rivalry between the capitalist classes of different countries; a consequent emphasis on internationalism; and a reliance on mass action to achieve their objectives. A correlative of this last point was a critique of the Bolshevik Revolution that Luxemburg wrote in prison in 1918. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 57.

2. 新政权迅速采取了许多财政措施：统一并适当分配税收、主要通过规定基本商品的价格控制通货膨胀、实现收支平衡。与此同时，由于恰当地处理了工农业问题，因而基本实现了经济的恢复。与国民党联系密切的大资本企业收归国有，那些所谓的民族资产阶级控制的较小工商业则被保留、甚至被鼓励，这与列宁在布尔什维克革命后最初几个月所采取的政策是一致的。但是共产党采取的最重要的措施是1950年6月的土地法。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》，2005：227

2. The new regime rapidly took a number of financial measures which unified and fairly distributed the taxes, brought inflation under control-largely by tying money values to units of basic commodities – and produced a balanced budget. At the same time, basic economic recovery was achieved by a moderate approach to industry and agricu1ture. Large capitalist enterprises that were closely associated with the KMT were nationalised, but the so-called national bourgeoisie who controlled the smaller businesses were left alone and even encouraged—in line with Lenin’s policy in the months immediately following the Bolshevik Revolution. But the most important measure adopted by the Communists was the Land Law of June 1950. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 236.

3. 俄国资产阶级在布尔什维克革命以后，立刻就谋求与外国资产阶级协商并达成协议来反对本国的工人和劳动人民。孟什维克和社会革命党人支持资产阶级。1918年初在芬兰是这样。1918年初在俄国的北部和南部也是这样，当时立宪民主党人、孟什维克和社会革命党人同德国人结成联盟来扼杀布尔什维克。——《列宁文集（第三十七卷）》，1986：133

3. Immediately after the Bolshevik revolution the Russian bourgeoisie started seeking agreements and concluding agreements with the foreign bourgeoisie against the working people of their own country. The Mensheviks and Socialist-Revolutionaries supported them. The same thing occurred in Finland at the beginning of 1918. And it was the same in the North of Russia and in the South at the beginning of 1918 when the Constitutional-Democrats, Mensheviks and Socialist-Revolutionaries, in alliance with the Germans, tried to crush the Bolsheviks. -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 29), 1974: 542.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
从高尔基不合时宜的文章不难看出，作家在批评布尔什维克的革命的同时，也揭露了罗斯人的野蛮和残忍。——《高尔基<不合时宜的思想>解读》，内蒙古师范大学硕士学位论文，2007
In his An untimely thought, G not only criticized the Bolshevik Revolution, but also disclosed the savage and cruelty of “ Russian”.

例句 2：
阿赫玛托娃借助自己的诗歌，始终向人们宣扬着一种理想的生存境界。诗人希望，人类在发展过程中，努力摒弃恶习，在心理沟通和相互热爱的基础上形成统一的其乐融融的大家庭，人们能够实现自己内在心灵的和谐，达到基督式的理想化存在，过崭新的美好生活。但诗人的创作没有跟上时代的潮流，致使许多拥护布尔什维克的革命分子无法接受阿赫玛托娃的“具有小资产阶级性质的”诗风，他们从诗人的诗歌中看不到一点具有积极意义的引领年轻人走向新的社会主义道路的思想，从而导致诗人常遭严厉的批判，创作生涯一直充满艰辛，这与阿赫玛托娃本人的思想及宗教信仰的局限性是密切相关的。——《阿赫玛托娃诗歌中的东正教思想》，内蒙古大学硕士学位论文，2008
Ahematowa always promotes the ideal survival realm to the people by her poems. She hopes that humanity in the process of development strive to abandon bad habits, from a unified enjoynable family on the basis of the psychological communication and mutual love, realize the harmony of inner soul, achieve the ideal of Christ-existence and live a new better life.The poet’s creation has not kept pace with the trend of the times, which have resulted many revolutionary people in support of the Bolshevik revolution can’t accept her poetic style that has “the nature of petty bourgeoisie”, do not see the positive ideology leading young people to a new road of building socialism from the poet’s poems.Therefore, the poet always suffers severe criticism and her creativ