字词 | 波普 |
释义 | 波普【英】Karl Raimund Popper译文来源金炳华,冯契.哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2001:103. 定义波普是奥地利的自然科学家和哲学家,现代西方科学哲学的著名代表(王守昌,2014:384)。波普出生于犹太血统的家庭,原籍奥地利,在维也纳大学学习数学、物理学和哲学。1937年,波普前往新西兰任教,1946年又赴英国伦敦大学执教,此后一直定居英国(顾肃,2013:403-404)。波普“在科学哲学、逻辑学、认识论等方面都提出了以批判理性主义或证伪主义为核心的许多独到见解,而其政治哲学也在当代西方自由主义中占有重要的地位”(顾肃,2013:403)。波普的哲学重点在于批判理性主义,反对经典的经验主义及其方法。他主张证伪主义应该采用试错法。在政治上,“他拥护民主和自由主义,曾分析性批判了马克思主义的历史决定论,但并没有进行意识形态化的攻击”(诺图洛,2014:1)。他的主要著作有《科学发现的逻辑》、《开放社会及其敌人》、《历史决定论的贫困》、《猜想和反驳——科学知识的增长》、《客观知识——一个进化论的研究》等(王守昌,2014:384)。 定义来源[1] 王守昌.西方政治哲学[M].中国言实出版社,2014. 例句1. 人从幼年到成人,大部分时期是在接受千百万人所认同的感性经验:一方面,是处于直观中的人们的习惯、共识、情感、心理、文化传统的“都这样”;另一方面,概念本身就是千百万人的千百万代实践与经验的结果,我们常常是用概念在“看”(波普的“观念先于观察”和汉森的发现模式中的“理论负载”)。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:517 1. As men grow from youths into adults, most of their time is spent accepting the sensuous experiences approved by millions of other men. On one hand, there is the fact that directly perceiving men possess habits, common knowledge, emotions, thoughts, and cultural traditions that are all a certain way; on the other hand, ideas themselves are the result of the practice and experience of millions of men over millions of generations; we often use concepts to “see”(Popper’s idea that “notions precede observation,” and Hansen’s “theoretical load” in the discovery model). -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 407. 2. 因此,由于这种对中介性的唯心主义发现,也就建立了概念(主体)同一性的绝对统治,所有被中介物被奴役实属必然,黑格尔就是从感性意谓被自我意识所中介(构成统觉)开始,最后指认理念的绝对中介性来建立自己的绝对观念王国的。在现代,科学认知理论中波普和皮亚杰的“理论先于观察”也是由此生发出来的。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:46 2. Therefore, due to the findings of the idealism in indirectness, the absolute rule of the conceptual (subjective) identity is thus established. The enslavement of all the indirect is then inevitable. Hegel starts from subjective referent's being mediated by self consciousness (and turned into apperception), and finally identifies idea with absolute indirectness so as to establish his kingdom of the absolute idea. In modem time, of the cognitive theory in sciences, Popper and Piaget’s “theory precedes observation” is derived from the same source. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 75-76. 3. 外在地看,无论是量子力学中测不准定律的哲学泛化,压是“理论先于观察”(波普、皮亚杰)的命题,都将认知结果归属为主体认知构架的中介(先验)作用,因而否定认知的绝对客观性。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:48 3. Externally, both the philosophical generalization of the uncertainty law in the quantum mechanics and the proposition that “theory is prior to observation” (Popper, Piaget) attribute the cognitive results to the medium (transcendental) power in the subject’s cognitive framework, thereby denying the absolute objectivity of cognition. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 77-78. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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