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字词 个人实践(萨特)
释义

  个人实践(萨特)【英】

(Jean-Paul Sartre’s) individual praxis; the praxis of individual

译文来源

McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1998: 316, 317.

定义

个人实践是法国20世纪最重要的哲学家之一,法国无神论存在主义的主要代表人物,西方社会主义最积极的鼓吹者之一让-保罗·萨特(Jean-Paul Sartre,1905—1980)在其1960年出版的著作《辩证理性批判》中使用的哲学术语。萨特在其著作《存在与虚无》中曾指出,人身上总是结合着“自在”和“自为”的结合体:人总是被多种现存的事实性的“自在”所限定,但同时人也具有“自为”的意向性和超越性,能够自由地选择,并具有超越既定存在而走向更好未来的可能性。在《辩证理性批判》中,萨特又赋予人实践的特性。萨特认为,实践是一种内在化的过程,其行动的动力是带有主观性的计划;实践具有客观性,是在客观、既定的现实状况化及可能性场域的环境下进行的;实践也具有超越性,它是通过计划实现对既定的现实状况的扬弃。总之,在萨特看来,实践是具有超越性的主观与客观的统一,它推动着历史的整体化运动(胡梦洁,2016:21)。萨特借用“个人实践”的概念来弥补当代马克思主义者所谓的“人学空场”,试图把存在主义与马克思主义相结合,并使马克思主义重焕活力。

定义来源

胡梦洁.存在主义马克思主义何可能?——《辩证理性批判》“个人实践”解读[D].华东师范大学,2016.

例句

1. 在题为“从个人实践到惰性实践”的冗长一节中,萨特描述了个人间最初的社会关系出现的方式。萨特从下述原理出发,即“辩证法研究的最重要发现是,正如物以人为‘中介’那样,在同样程度上,人也以物为‘中介’”,把物质匮乏这一概念置于这种中介关系的中心位置。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2005:303

1. In a long section entitled ‘From Individual Praxis to the Practico-Inert’ Sartre then described the way in which the primary social relations of individuals emerged. Starting from the principle that ‘the crucial discovery of dialectical investigation is that man is “mediated” by things to the same extent as things are “mediated” by man’, Sartre placed the concept of material scarcity at the centre of this mediation. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 316.

2. 萨特举例说,一个中国农民为了扩大其耕地面积而把田地里的树木砍刀,结果却发现,(由于邻居也照此行事)他的田地如今也被无法阻挡的洪水冲毁了。这就是“惰性实践”的力量,即一种异化状态。在这种异化状态中,无数个人实践的结果逃脱了实践者的控制,并使他们的谋划归于失败。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2005:303-304

2. Sartre gave an example of a Chinese peasant who felled trees on his land to improve his cultivable acreage and found—since his neighbors had done the same—that his land was now destroyed by unchecked floods. This was the power of the ‘practico-inert’, a state of alienation in which the result of the praxes of individuals escaped their control and frustrated their designs. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 317.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
第三,萨特的马克思主义历史观的根源是匿乏,个人实践是为了克服置乏而进行的活动,它受到自然界和前人实践的共同制约。——《萨特的马克思主义历史观研究》,兰州大学硕士学位论文,2015
Third, the historical theory of the Marxism of Sartre which is started from “lack” personal practice is present for overcome the lack and it is restricted by nature and previous practice. With the development of personal practice activities, people will be being alienation which is not only refers to the alienation of labor and human but also to personas destination.

例句 2:
最后,萨特重视个人实践,这是对马克思实践观的丰富和补充。——《萨特实践观与马克思实践观之比较》,广西师范学院硕士学位论文,2010
Finally, Sartre put emphasis on individual practice, which are the enrichment and supplement to Marx’s practical views.

例句 3:
第一,通过对个人实践概念的详细介绍,阐述了群体意识形态建构的逻辑起点,这是萨特社会集团理论的出发点。——《萨特群体意识形态研究——以萨特社会集团理论为分析视角》,华中师范大学硕士学位论文,2014
First, I will expound the logical start of constructing group ideology which is starting point of Sartre 5s theory of social group by introducing details of personal practical experience.

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更新时间:2024/6/29 5:11:17