水平合并 （又作水平整合）【英】

horizontal integration

译文来源

Horizontal Integration. via: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/horizontalintegration.asp

定义

水平合并指在同一市场上提供同种商品或服务的企业间的合并。生产和销售相同或相似产品、或经营相同或相似业务、提供相同劳务的企业间的合并，如美国波音飞机制造公司与麦道飞机制造公司的合并，法国雷诺汽车制造公司与瑞典伏尔伏汽车制造公司的合并，均属横向合并。横向合并的主要目的是把一些规模较小的企业联合起来，组成企业集团，实现规模效益；或利用现有生产设备，增加产量，提高市场占有率，与其他企业(或企业集团)相抗衡。从整个国家看，过度的横向合并会削弱企业间的竞争，甚至会造成少数企业垄断市场的局面，牺牲市场经济的效率。因此，在一些市场经济高度发达的国家，政府往往制订有反托拉斯法规，以限制横向合并的蔓延（余秉坚,1999：167）。
19世纪末20世纪初美国的生产和资本集中，出现了以横向合并为主要形式的第一次企业合并高潮。即生产同一产品或相近产品的企业实行合并。横向合并可以取得生产和销售的规模经济效益，有利于提高企业的竞争能力，便于控制商品的市场价格（张素叶等,1991：661）。

定义来源

[1] 余秉坚.中国会计百科全书[M].辽宁人民出版社,1999.
[2] 张素叶，施洽民，梁清文.实用世界经济辞典[Z].甘肃人民出版社,1991.

例句

1. 时机选择得很适当。在那不勒斯，近卫军的上尉和瑞士的雇佣兵已经把年轻的自由淹没在人民的血泊中。在法国，资本家会议用残酷的法律来制服共和国，并任命2月23日在基佐家中下令开火的佩罗将军为文森要塞的司令。在英国和爱尔兰，宪章派和合并取消派被大批地投入监狱，手无寸铁的人们的集会被龙骑兵驱散。——《马克思恩格斯全集（第五卷）》，1958: 66

1. The moment is well chosen In Naples guard lieutenants and Swiss mercenaries have succeeded in drowning the young liberty in the people's blood.c In France, an Assembly of capitalists fetters the Republic by means of Draconic laws and appoints General Perrot, who ordered the shooting at the Hôtel Guizot on February 23, commandant of Vincennes. In England and Ireland masses of Chartists and Repealers are thrown into gaol and unarmed meetings are dispersed by dragoons. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 7), 1977: 68.

2. 在这里，我想做几点界定：一是蒲鲁东的这些近似社会唯物主义的观点（不是历史唯物主义）并不是他自己的理论独创，而是他接受政治经济学影响的一种必然结果。但他的这些论点，无论是研究方法还是基本逻辑，都远在古典经济学所达到的水平之下；二是这些论点在蒲鲁东的早期论著中并不是一种总体性的理论逻辑原则，此时他的理论话语主要是政治法权逻辑；三是这些社会唯物主义的观点也不是外在地影响青年马克思的主要方面，马克思此时关心的恰恰是蒲鲁东对资产阶级社会的政治法权批判。—— 《回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语》，2009: 98

2. At this point, I would like to clarify several points. First, Proudhon’s views on property that approach social materialism (but not historical materialism) are not his independent theoretical creations, but rather the inevitable result of the influence of political economy. Nevertheless, his arguments, whether in terms of methodology or fundamental logic, are all far below the level reached by classical economics. Second, Proudhon’s exposition of his views on property in his early books is not a comprehensive principle of theoretical logic; rather, his theoretical discourse at this point in time is primarily centered on the logic of political rights. Third, these social materialist views were not the primary arguments that externally influenced young Marx; at this time, Marx was also more concerned with Proudhon’s criticism political rights in bourgeois society. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 64.

网络参考例句

例句1：
考虑由描述制造、再制造业务、EOL产品处理业务、运输业务和储存业务的多个运作链构成的闭环供应链网络，分析了网络整合前相互竞争的各个企业间的相互作用并建立了均衡模型，网络中部分企业水平合并后同时进行网络整合，建立了部分企业合并后均衡模型，并给出了合并前后模型的变分不等式公式。最后，利用提出的模型对算例进行计算，并分析了不同参数下均衡结果的变化及整合成本对合并后企业利润的影响。——“闭环供应链网络水平整合经济模型研究”，载于《工业工程与管理》，2010年第3期
Closed-loop supply chain network comprises operation links to represent business activities including manufacturing/remanufacturing activities, treatment activities for EOL products, transportation activities, and storage activities performed by the firms. The interaction of the competitive firms prior to horizontal merger is analyzed, and an equilibrium model is developed. After the partial firms merge, the closed-loop supply chain network is integrated. Another economical model for the network post horizontal integration is developed. The variational inequality formulations of the models prior to merger and post merger are established. Finally, numerical examples are solved by using the proposed models, the change of equilibrium results under different parameters and what impact the costs of merger will have on profits of the firms post merger are analyzed.