字词 | 片面性 |
释义 | 片面性 【英】one-sidedness; bias译文来源[1]McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. London: Macmillan press, 1998: 116. 定义片面性是指对事物和矛盾不作全面考察的形而上学思想方法。唯物辩证法认为,一切事物的内部都包含两个方面,这两方面事物自身所包含的既相互排斥又相互依存,既对立又统一的关系叫做矛盾。要想正确认识事物,就必须一分为二地全面看问题,做到具体问题具体分析。与辩证法相悖,片面性只看矛盾的一方,不看矛盾的另一方;只知事物的过去,不知事物的现在和将来;只了解局部,不了解全局;只肯定或否定一切,不加以分析。毛泽东认为,“片面性就是思想上的绝对化,就是形而上学地看问题”(毛泽东,1999:276)。毛泽东指出无论是用肯定一切的观点或者否定一切的观点来看我们的工作,都是错误的。对于这些片面地看问题的人,应该以惩前毖后,治病救人的态度进行批评。毛泽东还指出虽然片面性难免存在,但是可以采用科学方法逐步克服,即辩证的方法,或者称为分析的方法。所谓分析,就是分析事物的矛盾。习近平曾提到:“唯物辩证法告诉我们,事物与事物之间都是彼此联系、不可分割的。我们在推进改革开放和现代化建设过程中,如果孤立地、片面地、简单地看问题,就会犯形而上学地错误……领导干部一定要学会全面辩证地看问题,在认识论上要有辩证统一的思想,在方法论上要坚持统筹兼顾,在具体工作中要学会‘十指弹琴’” (习近平,2007:62)。这里所说的片面地即片面性。 定义来源[1]毛泽东.毛泽东文集(第七卷)[C].人民出版社,1999. 例句1. 正如列宁所说:“聪明的唯心主义比愚蠢的唯物主义更接近于聪明的唯物主义。”辩证思维与非辩证思维的对比取代了唯物主义与唯心主义的对比。列宁称赞黑格尔《哲学全书》中的第25节,“在那里‘认识’(理论的)和‘意志’(实践活动)被描述为既消灭主观性的‘片面性’,又消灭客观性的‘片面性’的两个方面、两个方法、两个手段”。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,1998:107 1. He said, ‘is closer to intelligent materialism than stupid materialism’. The contrast between materia1ism and idealism was replaced by that between dialectical and non-dialectical thinking. Lenin praised paragraph of Hegel’s Encyclopedia, ‘where “cognition” (theoretical) and “will” (practical activity) are depicted as two sides, two methods, two means of abolishing the “one-sidedness” both of subjectivity and of objectivity’. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 116. 2. “穆勒—完全和李嘉图学派一样—犯了这样的错误:在表述抽象规律的时候忽视了这种规律的变化或不断扬弃,而抽象规律正是通过变化和不断扬弃才得以实现的。”马克思说明了在资产阶级社会生产过程中,生产费用与价值之间的决定关系、需求与供给之间经常处于波动之中的现实运动,这其实是一种十分错综复杂的矛盾性运动过程,在资产阶级经济学家用抽象的公式表述这种现实时,都只能坠入现实运动的偶然性和片面性的陷阱中。这倒使马克思得出了一个重要的结论:“在国民经济学中,规律由它的对立面,由无规律性来决定。国民经济学的真正规律是偶然性”。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:177 2. “Mill―just like the Ricardians―makes the mistake of ignoring the changes and continual transcendence of these laws, though it is in change and transcendence that abstract laws are realized.” Marx explains the constant fluctuation of the determining relation between cost of production and price, as well as between supply and demand in the production process of bourgeois society. This is, in fact, an extremely complex and contradictory interaction. As such, the abstract equations used by bourgeois economists to explain this interaction are revealed to be inadequate to explain the contingencies inherent in the actual economy. This fact led Marx to conclude that “in political economy, laws are determined by their opposite, that is to say, by lawlessness. The true law of national economics is chance.” -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 129-130. 3. 在大工业和竞争中,各个个人的一切生存条件、一切制约性、一切片面性都融合为两种最简单的形式——私有制和劳动。货币使任何交往形式和交往本身成为对个人来说是某种偶然的东西。因此,货币就是产生下述现象的根源:迄今为止的一切交往都只是一定条件下的个人的交往,而不是单纯的个人的交往。——《马克思恩科斯选集(第三卷):德意志意识形态》,1960:74 3. In large-scale industry and competition, the whole mass of conditions of existence, limitations, biases of individuals, are fused together into the two simplest forms: private property and labour. With money every form of intercourse, and intercourse itself, becomes fortuitous for the individuals. Thus money implies that all intercourse up till now was only intercourse of individuals under particular conditions, not of individuals as individuals. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 5): The German Ideology, 1975: 85. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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