字词 | 分工 |
释义 | 分工【英】division of labour译文来源Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 5) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1975: 32. 定义分工是社会发展到一定阶段上产生的,人们按照不同的技能或社会要求从事各种不同而相互联系的工作。分工产生的原因有三:其一,劳动者的技巧因分工而日进;其二,分工减少了由一种工作转到另一种工作的损失;其三,因分工而发明的简单机械简化和节省了劳动。分工分为自然分工和社会分工,自然分工即性别的分工、天赋差别的分工等,原始社会末期,社会分工即随着生产的发展在自然分工的基础上产生的真正的社会分工:第一次是农业和畜牧业的分离,出现了专门从事农业或牧业的劳动者;第二次是手工业和农业的分离,出现了专门的工匠和独立的手工业者;第三次是商业的出现,产生了专门从事商业活动的商人。三次社会大分工的发展造成了物质生产劳动和精神生产劳动、体力劳动者和脑力劳动者的分离和对立。(分工.via: http://book.duxiu.com/EncyDetail.jsp?dxid=900014456115&d=80F26135E8FFC9696B50DCD7ECC6575C) 定义来源[1] 分工.via: http://book.duxiu.com/EncyDetail.jsp?dxid=900014456115&d=80F26135E8FFC9696B50DCD7ECC6575C 例句1. 各民族之间的相互关系取决于每一个民族的生产力、分工和内部交往的发展程度。这个原理是公认的。然而不仅一个民族与其他民族的关系,而且一个民族本身的整个内部结构都取决于它的生产以及内部和外部的交往的发展程度。一个民族的生产力发展的水平,最明显地表现在该民族分工的发展程度上。任何新的生产力都会引起分工的进一步发展,因为它不仅仅是现有生产力的量的增加(例如开垦新的土地)。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第三卷)》,1956:24 1. The relations of different nations among themselves depend upon the extent to which each has developed its productive forces, the division of labour and internal intercourse. This proposition is generally recognised. But not only the relation of one nation to others, but also the whole internal structure of the nation itself depends on the stage of development reached by its production and its internal and external intercourse. How far the productive forces of a nation are developed is shown most manifestly by the degree to which the division of labour has been carried. Each new productive force, insofar as it is not merely a quantitative extension of productive forces already known (for instance, the bringing into cultivation of fresh land), causes a further development of the division of labour. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 5), 1975: 32. 2. 经济形式的拜物教性质,人的一切关系的物化,不顾直接生产者的人的能力和可能性而对生产过程作抽象合理分解的分工的不断扩大,这一切改变了社会的现象,同时也改变了理解这些现象的方式。——《历史与阶级意识:关于马克思主义辩证法的研究》,1996:53 2. The fetishistic character of economic forms, the reification of all human relations, the constant expansion and extension of the division of labour which subjects the process of production to an abstract, rational analysis, without regard to the human potentialities and abilities of the immediate producers, all these things transform the phenomena of society and with them the way in which they are perceived. -Quoted from History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics, 1971: 6. 3. 西斯蒙第指出,自从人类社会有了为了市场交换的商业,有了职业性分工,每个人就不是为自己劳动,而是为社会劳动,这样,人们也等待着从社会(市场交换)得到劳动的补偿,于是,这种期冀的结果往往是对交换价值的估价代替了对物品的估价。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:92 3. Sismondi points out that ever since human society has had occupational divisions of labor and commerce to facilitate market exchange, individuals no longer labor for themselves, but rather labor for society. Thus, individuals expect to receive compensation for their labor from society (market exchange), and the result of this expectation is that price estimation based on exchange value replaces price estimation based on goods. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 59. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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