字词 | 克尔凯郭尔 |
释义 | 克尔凯郭尔【英】Søren Aabye Kierkegaard译文来源[1] 金炳华,冯契.哲学大辞典(修订本)[Z].上海辞书出版社,2001: 748-749. 定义索伦·克尔凯郭尔的《有限性和无限性视角下的绝望》开启了现代存在主义心理学的先河。克尔凯郭尔的目标是描述人类的能力和局限,即人们的意识。他的核心观点是:意识具有悖论的特性(科克·施奈德,2015:2)。索伦·克尔凯郭尔(1813-1855年)生于哥本哈根的富商家庭,1830年进入哥本哈根大学神学院,在校期间热衷于咖啡馆文化生活,写过一些散文,在文化圈里小有名气。1838年经历一次宗教觉醒。1841年以论文《论反讽的概念》获得哲学博士学位。生前发表的匿名著作有:《非此即彼》(1843)、《畏惧与颤栗》(1843)、《再现》(1843)、《哲学片断》(1844)、《恐惧的概念》(1844)、《生活道路诸阶段》(1845)、《非科学的最后附言》(1846)、《序言集》(1846)、《致死的疾病》(1849)、《基督教的实践》(1850)等。实名发表的有:《我的著作之作者》(1848),以及基督教训导书和一些散文。英文版《克尔凯郭尔著作集》(1978-2000)共26卷,丹麦文版《克尔凯郭尔文集》(1997年至今)计划出版55卷(赵敦华,2014:36)。又译祁克果、郭尔凯戈尔、基尔凯戈尔、克尔凯戈尔。丹麦著名哲学家、神学家、诗人。克尔凯郭尔持神秘主义的主观唯心主义观点,认为存在和真理是非理性的主观性(庞育川,2012:161)。现代存在主义哲学的创始人,后现代主义的先驱,也是现代人本心理学的先驱。后继承巨额遗产,终身隐居哥本哈根,以事著述,多以自费出版。他的思想成为存在主义的理论根据之一,被视为存在主义之父。反对黑格尔的泛理论,认为哲学研究的对象不是客观存在而是个人的“存在”,哲学的起点是个人,终点是上帝,人生的道路也就是天路历程(克尔凯郭尔.via:http://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%B4%A2%E4%BC%A6%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%E5%87%AF%E9%83%AD%E5%B0%94/6486608?fromtitle=%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%E5%87%AF%E9%83%AD%E5%B0%94&fromid=2127222&type=syn&sefr=cr)。 定义来源[1] 科克•施奈德.过与不及:理解我们的矛盾本质[M].高剑婷,吴垠译.安徽人民出版社,2015. 例句1. 准确地讲,阿多诺所辨识的这种对物化现实的自觉拒绝应该是克尔凯郭尔之后的新人本主义哲学冲动。可是,克尔凯郭尔“这一个”自我与费希特的大自我是根本异质的。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:60 1. Accurately speaking, Adorno identifies a conscious rejection of the reified reality, which is supposed to be the neo-humanist impulse in philosophy after Kierkegaard. However, “this” I for Kierkegaard differs essentially from Fichte’s big I. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 95. 2. 《历史与阶级意识》代表了当时想要通过更新和发展黑格尔的辩证法和方法论来恢复马克思理论的革命本质的也是最激进的尝试。由于当时资产阶级哲学对黑格尔正表现出越来越大的兴趣,这一任务甚至变得更加重要。当然,资产阶级哲学家们从未能一方面使黑格尔与康德在哲学上的决裂成为他们分析的基础。另一方面,他们在狄尔泰的影响下,企图在理论上把黑格尔的辩证法与现代非理性主义联结起来。《历史与阶级意识》问世不久,克隆纳便将黑格尔描绘成一切时代中最大的非理性主义者;而在勒维特稍后的研究中,马克思和克尔凯郭尔又成了从黑格尔主义解体中出现的两种平行的现象。只有与所有这些发展相对照,我们才能看到《历史与阶级意识》所提出的问题是多么迫切。——《历史与阶级意识:关于马克思辩证法的研究》,1996:16 2. History and Class Consciousness represents what was perhaps the most radical attempt to restore the revolutionary nature of Marx’s theories by renovating and extending Hegel’s dialectics and method. The task was made even more important by the fact that bourgeois philosophy at the time showed signs of a growing interest in Hegel. Of course they never succeeded in making Hegel’s breach with Kant the foundation of their analysis and, on the other hand, they were influenced by Dilthey’s attempts to construct theoretical bridges between Hegelian dialects and modern irrationalism. A little while after the appearance of History and Class Consciousness Kroner described Hegel as the greatest irrationalist of all time and in Löwith’s later studies Marx and Kierkegaard were to emerge as parallel phenomena out of the dissolution of Hegelianism. It is by contrast with all these developments that we can best see the relevance of History and Class Consciousness. -Quoted from History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics, 1971: XXI. 3. 通俗地讲,非概念性就是指还没有被抹去质的差别的活生生存在的具体事物,这当然也会是人之个别性的特殊存在。揭穿了说,这是创化新人本主义的克尔凯郭尔的“这个”或海德格尔的“此在”(有死者一定的在世中)已经挑明的讨论域,先说明一点,阿多诺当然不是简单地反对思想中的理性本质,并试图回到事物粗糙的感性表象,而是要求在深刻的思想中重新观照事物的具体特性。这就像柏格森和胡塞尔后来所一再标示出来的直觉,并非感性直觉而是理性直觉一样,目的是造成凝固观念的重新变易和不逮性。——《文本的深度耕犁:后马克思思潮哲学文本解读》,2007:14 3. Generally speaking, non-conceptuality means concretely heterogamous objects, namely the individual and particular presence. Indeed, it is the field exploited by new humanist Kierkegaard's “this one” or Heidegger’s “Dasein.” There is a point to be noted that, Adorno does not oppose to the rational nature in thought or turn to coarse external phenomena; rather, he attempts to reach the individual characteristics of things in profound thought. It is something like the concept of “intuition” mentioned by Bergson and Husserl. It means not a sensible intuition but a rational one that produces the changeability and the unattainability of the concretionary concepts. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 32. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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