觉悟【英】

consciousness

译文来源

Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 5) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1975: 213.

定义

觉悟亦作“觉寤”，既觉醒之义。人们常把“觉悟”用于描述人的精神世界由迷惑而明白，由模糊而认清的状态，它使人的思想进入到一种清醒的或有知觉的新的状态，变得没有错觉或幻觉。思想政治工作就是不断地提高人的觉悟程度，使人们从蒙昧的无知状态转变为对事物真理的有知状态，从对事物一知半解飞跃到对事物本质的通晓，掌握、领会事物之本来面目，理性升华为事物之真谛，达到大彻大悟的境界（李翔，品伦，2001：22）。在唯物主义看来，觉悟应是对于客观真理的正确认识，克服了主观的臆断、发现了前所未知的客观真理，即对于客观事物的客观规律有更深刻的认识。而唯心主义哲学家所谓觉悟，他们所夸耀的“大悟”，往往只是主观的偏见才是真正的觉悟，唯物主义者不隐瞒自己的观点，唯物主义者并不否定主体性，而是正确理解主体性与客观世界的关系，惟有正确理解了主体与客观世界的关系，亦即正确理解了心与物的关系，才能真正提高觉悟（张岱年，1991：31）。

定义来源

[1] 李翔，品伦.试论觉悟[J].西安政治学院学报，2001（6）.
[2] 张岱年.论觉悟[J].黄山学院学报，1991（1）.

例句

1. 圣麦克斯认为共产主义者是要“为社会”“牺牲”，其实他们只是想牺牲现存的社会；在这种情况下，他必定会把共产主义者的觉悟——即他们意识到自己的斗争是所有超出资产阶级制度的人的共同事业——叫作他们为自己作出的牺牲。 ——《马克思恩格斯全集（第三卷）：德意志意识形态》，1956：233

1. Saint Max believes that the communists sacrifices for society; in this struggle is the “society”, when they want at most to want to sacrifice existing society; in this case he should describe their consciousness that their struggle is the common cause of all people who have outgrown the bourgeois system as a sacrifice that they make to themselves. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 5): The German Ideology, 1975: 213.

2. 那些年，生活费用上涨和市场紧缩，使工人阶级的抗议活动大大加剧。正是在这种背景下，卢森堡开始阐发她关于阶级意识的思想。在 《社会改良还是革命?》中，她就已经谈到了工会活动和政治斗争的重要性，因为“通过这些活动和斗争，无产阶级的觉悟即意识就成为社会主义的，无产阶级就被组织成一个阶级了。”正是从这一观点出发，她于1904年刊载 在《新时代》上的《俄国社会民主党的组织问题》一文，就批评了列宁的《进一步，退两步》。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》，2008：44

2. The rising cost of living and the contracting market of these years caused a great increase in working-class activity and it was in this context that Rosa Luxemburg began to develop her ideas on class consciousness. Already in Social Reform or Revolution she had talked of the importance of trade union activity and political struggle in that through them the awareness, the consciousness, of the proletariat becomes socialist, and it is organised as a class’. It was from this point of view that she criticised Lenin’s One Step Forwards, Two Steps Backwards in her article on Organizational Questions of Russian Social Democracy’ published in Die Neue Zeit of 1904. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 49.

3. 干部的党性修养、思想觉悟、道德水平不会随着党龄的积累而自然提高，也不会随着职务的升迁而自然提高，而需要终生努力。成为好干部，就要不断改造主观世界、加强党性修养、加强品格陶冶。要时刻用党章、周共产党员标准要求自己，要有“与人不求备，检身若不及”的精神，时刻自重自省自警，努力做到“心不动于微利之诱，目不眩于五色之惑”，实实做人，踏踏实实干事，清清白白为官。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：417

3. The commitment to the Party's cause, theoretical consciousness and moral standards of an official are not enhanced automatically alongside a longer Party standing or a higher post. Rather, the enhancement requires lifelong endeavors. To become a good official, one needs to constantly remold one’s subjective world, and strengthen one’s commitment to the Party and moral refinement. One needs to stringently comply with the Party Constitution and the requirements for Party members, “being strict with oneself and lenient with others.” Party members must always behave in a proper manner, scrutinize themselves, keep alert to “resist the myriad temptations of the dazzling world,” and be honest and hardworking, clean and upright. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 467.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
当下的现实和学理的应然，从一定意义上要求人们更加重视人的道德意识觉悟对于社会正义及其实现的意义，从而确保制度安排的科学合理性与道德意识的理性自觉相得益彰。——“社会正义与道德意识的自觉——兼析中西哲学思维关于制度与人心两分法的误区”，载于《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2008年第6期
At present, it is theoretically necessary and obligatory that more attention be paid to the significance of human moral consciousness to social justice and its realization to assure the scientific rationality of institutional arrangement and rational self-consciousness of moral sense.

例句 2：
因此，只有先唤醒官员的伦理觉悟，深化政治体制改革，培育国民的现代心理基础，中国社会的现代转型才会具有真实的生命力。——“伦理觉悟：中国现代政治转型的内在生命”，载于《理论学刊》2012年第7期
Therefore, only when the ethical consciousness of officials is waken, the reform of political system is deepened and the base of modern psychology of the people is built, can there be real vitality in the modern transformation of China’s society.

例句 3：
20世纪60年代以后的生态觉悟，并不只是技术文明的觉悟，而是整个人类文明的觉悟，它为解决这一难题提供了方法论基础。——“当代伦理精神的生态合理性”，载于《中国社会科学》2011年第1期
The environmental awareness since the 1960s has involved not only the consciousness of technical civilization, but also the consciousnessof the entire human civilization and has provided the methodological basis for the solution of the difficult problem.