利益冲突【英】

conflict of interests

译文来源

McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. London: Macmillan Press, 1998: 300.

定义

利益冲突，指政府官员公职上代表的公共利益与其自身具有的私人利益之间的冲突。这里的利益，不仅是经济利益，还包括专业利益、个人声誉等。目前我国各个领域普遍存在利益冲突问题，已成为腐败发生的重要根源。目前我国官员的利益冲突问题，可以梳理为交易型利益冲突、影响型利益冲突、“旋转”型利益冲突等三种类型（利益冲突.via：http://baike.so.com/doc/6413460-6627129.html）。交易型利益冲突，就是官员利用职务之便，直接从利益关联者那里收取私人利益；影响型利益冲突，通常表现为官员利用公权力的影响，直接或间接地实现自己、亲属或利益相关者的私人利益；“旋转”型利益冲突更有隐蔽性，有些官员具有公私双重角色，在履行公共事务的过程中，利用公权为自己、亲属或利益相关者谋取私人利益。要防止利益冲突减少腐败现象发生，需要在官民“信息对称”的前提下，围绕权力和利益之间的关系，在权力和利益方面作出合理安排，及早阻断官员以权谋私的通道，加大对利益冲突问题的监督和处理力度。目前，建立健全防止利益冲突法律制度已经成为跨民族、跨意识形态的反腐败举措（聂资鲁，2013：150）。

定义来源

[1] 利益冲突.via：http://baike.so.com/doc/6413460-6627129.html
[2] 聂资鲁.防止公职人员利益冲突立法的理论与实践[J].中国法学，2013，（6）.

例句

1. 晚期资本主义所固有的利益冲突和对国家干预提出的矛盾要求，必然意味着国家的援助在分配上是机能失调的。这反过来又产生出合法性的危机，因为国家干预意味着开启了调控与（自由）选择之间的矛盾问题。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》，2005：285

1. For the conflict of interests inherent in late capitalism and the contradictory demands on state intervention tended to mean that state aid was dysfunctionally distributed. This, in turn, created a crisis of legitimacy, for state intervention meant opening up the question of control and choice. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 300.

2. 其中很重要的，是把尊宪守法作为衡量干部德才的硬标准、硬功夫、硬约束，推动各级领导干部带头学法、带头知法、带头用法、带头守法，努力做到善于运用法治思维和法治方式调节经济社会关系、统筹协调各种利益冲突，最大限度激发社会创造活力；善于运用法治思维和法治方式化解社会矛盾、维护公平正义，最大限度增加和谐因素，最大限度减少不和谐因素；善于运用法治思维和法治方式预防惩治犯罪、维护社会秩序，确保社会稳定，推动形成办事依法、遇事找法、解决问题用法、化解矛盾靠法的良好法治环境，在法治轨道上推动各项工作。——《学习习近平总书记重要讲话》，2013：53

2. One of the important things is to regard the obedience to the laws as the absolute principle, and criterion to measure the cadres. We should make cadres at all levels take the lead to learn the laws, use the laws and abide by the laws. They should strive to adjust the social economic relationship and coordinate various conflict of interests by employing the thoughts and concepts of laws, thus to mobilize the social creativity to the maximum. They should eliminate social contradictions and safeguard the justice and fairness by employing thoughts and concepts of law, thus to increase the harmonious factors and decrease the disharmonious factors to the maximum. Besides, they should prevent crimes and punish criminals, safeguard the social order and stability by employing the thoughts and concepts of law, thus to form a favorable environment of rule of law featuring law employing in handling affairs, solving problems and eliminating contradictions. Only in that way, could we do our work in line with the laws. -Quoted from The Ideological Banner for the Development of Contemporary China - On General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Significant Instruction on the “Chinese Dream”, 2015: 42-43.

3. 深化重点领域和关键环节改革，健全反腐败法律制度，防控廉政风险，防止利益冲突，更加科学有效地防治腐败。加强反腐败国际合作。严格执行党风廉政建设责任制。健全纪检监察体制，完善派驻机构统一管理，更好发挥巡视制度监督作用。——《中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会报告》，2012

3. We should deepen reform of key areas and crucial links, improve the system of anti-corruption laws, prevent and manage risks to clean government, avoid conflict of interests, prevent and fight corruption more effectively and in a more scientific way, and increase international anti-corruption cooperation. We should rigorously implement the system of accountability for improving Party conduct and upholding integrity. We should improve the system of discipline supervision and inspection, improve the unified management of representative offices of Party commissions for discipline inspection, and enable discipline inspectors to better play their role of supervision. -Quoted from Report to the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, 2012.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
此外，美国联邦政府还通过组织保障、教育培训和监督惩处等配套实施机制，不仅确保了规约利益冲突行为的正式制度与非正式制度得以有效实施和高效运行，而且对最终从制度体系的三个维度约束利益冲突行为以及有效遏制困扰美国联邦政府的公职人员利益冲突频发的局面产生了重要作用。——“美国联邦政府公职人员利益冲突的制度约束与实施机制”，载于《南京师大学报（社会科学版）》2016年第2期
Moreover, the US government has also brought in a set of mechanisms such as organizational support, education and supervision to ensure the effective implementation of the formal and informal institutional constraints mentioned above. This has played a key role in effectively resolving the conflicts of interest confronting the US government through the three dimensions of institutional system.

例句 2：
社会治理具有提高民众参与度、保障利益诉求表达、化解利益冲突、激发社会组织活力等功能，对推进收入分配改革具有重要的作用。收入分配改革是内嵌于治理转型背景下的社会体制改革的重要内容。——“社会治理视域下收入分配改革新路径探究”，载于《中国矿业大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第2期
With many important functions such as improving public participation, ensuring benefit claim expression, resolving conflicts of interest, activating social organizations etc., social governance is indispensable in propelling the income distribution reform, a key part embedded in social system reform under the background of governance transition.

例句 3：
研究发现，产品市场竞争与资本结构调整速度正相关，代理成本与资本结构调整速度负相关，进一步分组检验发现，产品市场竞争较激烈时，不同代理成本公司之间的调整速度的差异较小。这说明，产品市场竞争较弱的公司更应当注重对管理者的激励与约束，降低公司代理成本；与此同时，在股东与管理者固有利益冲突导致代理成本难以有效缓解的前提下，通过加强反垄断及降低进入壁垒等方式提高产品市场竞争程度，也能有效促进公司资本结构动态优化