量【英】

quantity; quantitative (adj.)

译文来源

Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1987: 359.

定义

量指的是事物存在和发展的规模、程度、速度及其组成成分的排列次序等可以用数量来表示的规定性（马江生，1989：22），量与质相对。量与事物的存在不是直接同一的，同一事物可以有不同的量，在一定范围内，量的变化不会影响事物的质的稳定性，其变化不影响事物的存在，在这个意义上可认为量是事物外在的规定性。量是事物自身所具有的，与事物是不可分的，它们是相互规定的。认识事物的量是认识的精确化，把握事物的量，可以更全面地认识事物的质，并对实践活动提供准确具体的指导，从而对于人们的认识和实践活动具有十分重要的意义。不断探求数量分析的精确程度，是人类认识的必然趋势。辩证法认为，任何事物都是量与质的统一，没有无量之质，也没有无质之量，量与质是相互规定的（王艾录，2014：429）。

定义来源

[1] 马江生.中国社会主义建设辞典[M].陕西人民出版社，1989.
[2] 王艾录.现代汉语杂论[M].电子科技大学出版社，2014.

例句

1. 这完全是黑格尔的度量关系的关节线，在这里纯粹量的增多或减少，在一定的关节点上就引起质的飞跃，例如在把水加热或冷却的时候，沸点和冰点就是这种关节点，在这种关节点上—在标准压力下—完成了进入新的聚集状态的飞跃，因此，在这里量就转变为质。——《马克思恩格斯全集（第二十卷）》，1973：49

1. This is precisely the Hegelian nodal line of the measure relations which, at certain definite nodal points, purely quantitative increase or decrease gives rise to a qualitative leap; for example, in the case of heated or cooled water, where boiling-point and freezing-point are the nodes at which-under normal pressure-the leap to a new state of aggregation takes place, and where consequently quantity is transformed into quality. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25), 1987: 42-43.

2. 例如，必须有一定的最低强度的电流才能使电灯泡中的自金丝发光，每种金属都有自己的自热点和融解点，每种液体在一定的压力下都有其特定的冰点和沸点，——只要我们有办法造成相应的温度；最后，例如，每种气体都有其临界点，在这一点上相当的压力和冷却能使气体变成液体。一句话，物理学的所谓常数，大部分小外是这样一些关节点的名称，在这些关节点上，运动的量的增加或减少会引起该物体的状态的质的变化，所以在这些关节点上，量转化为质。——《马克思恩格斯全集（第二十卷）》，1973：404

2. Similarly, a definite minimum current strength is required to cause the platinum wire of an electric incandescent lamp to glow; and every metal has its temperature of incandescence and fusion, every liquid its definite freezing and boiling point at a given pressure—in so far as our means allow us to produce the temperature required; finally also every gas has its critical point at which it can be liquefied by pressure and cooling. In short, the so-called physical constants are for the most part nothing but designations of the nodal points at which quantitative addition or subtraction of motion produces qualitative change in the state of the body concerned, at which, therefore, quantity is transformed into quality. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25), 1987: 359.

3. 各民族之间的相互关系取决于每一个民族的生产力、分工和内部交往的发展程度。这个原理是公认的。然而不仅一个民族与其他民族的关系，而且一个民族本身的整个内部结构都取决于它的生产以及内部和外部的交往的发展程度。一个民族的生产力发展的水平，最明显地表现在该民族分工的发展程度上。任何新的生产力都会引起分工的进一步发展，因为它不仅仅是现有生产力的量的增加（例如开垦新的土地）。——《马克思恩格斯全集（第三卷）》，1956：24

3. The relations of different nations among themselves depend upon the extent to which each has developed its productive forces, the division of labour and internal intercourse. This proposition is generally recognised. But not only the relation of one nation to others, but also the whole internal structure of the nation itself depends on the stage of development reached by its production and its internal and external intercourse. How far the productive forces of a nation are developed is shown most manifestly by the degree to which the division of labour has been carried. Each new productive force, insofar as it is not merely a quantitative extension of productive forces already known (for instance, the bringing into cultivation of fresh land), causes a further development of the division of labour. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 5), 1975: 32.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
量词重叠属构形重叠，要受到来自语义和音节数目的限制。——《现代汉语物量词重叠式研究》，湘潭大学硕士学位论文，2005
The reduplication of Chinese classifiers depends on both meaning and number of syllables.

例句 2：
本文试图在前人时贤相关研究成果的基础上，借鉴构式语法理论，立足认知语法观点，对现代汉语中数量短语的指代现象进行全面、系统的研究，以展示认知功能视角下的现代汉语数量短语指代现象的系统性及其认知机制。——《现代汉语数量短语指代功能及其相关构式研究》，上海师范大学博士学位论文，2013
This thesis aims at a comprehensive and systematic study of references made by quantitative phrases in modern Chinese in order to show how they are systematic from the cognitive perspective and to display their cognitive mechanism.

例句 3：
法官自由裁量权，有助于法官面对繁纷复杂的案件及法律未及事项，灵活果断地处置案件，定纷止争，维护法律的正义。——《略论限制量刑自由裁量权》，湘潭大学硕士学位论文，2005
The judge’s liberal measurement right is benefit for the judge to deal with cases, resolve disputes and safeguard the justice of law when they are facing complicated cases and what is not concerned in law.