市场价格【英】

market price

译文来源

刘伟，梁小民，雎国余，杨云龙.经济学大辞典[Z].团结出版社，1994：177.

定义

市场价格是每股股票在市场上交易时的实际价格，即通常所说的股票价格。其计算公式如下： 。对于投资者来说，股票价格具有现实意义。它受到公司财务、市场状况以及政治、经济和公众心理等诸多因素的影响而上下波动（刘伟等，1994：177）。
同一商品在同一市场上，只具有一种市场价格。即“对同种商品支付相同的价格”。价值决定价格，价格是价值的货币表现。由于竞争和商品供求关系的变化，市场价格通常围绕着价值上下波动。当供过于求时，它下降到价值以下；反之，则上升到价值以上。通过这种波动，价值规律自发地调节商品的生产和流通。随着商品生产的发展和部门之间竞争的加剧，出现了利润率的平均化，商品价值便转化为生产价格的形态（黄汉江，1990：158）。
在我国，价值规律是与社会主义的基本经济规律、国民经济有计划、按比例发展规律一起发生作用的。这就决定了经济管理体制必须以计划经济为主，市场调节为辅。所以市场价格也就形成多种形式：
(1)计划价格，包括统一计划价、幅度计划价；
(2)半计划半自由价格，包括协商价格和议购议销价格；
(3)非计划的自由价格，如集市贸易价格等。由于存在各种不同的价格，在进行投资项目的国民经济分析中，需要将它们统一调整为能正确反映其国民经济价值的“经济价格”。只有采用这种调整后的合理价格，才能消除各种不同价格带来的虚假因素，为不同行业或部门的投资项目提供比较的基础，以便建立起统一的基准投资收益率来判断不同项目的投资经济效果（王毓琳，2004：333）。

定义来源

[1] 刘伟，梁小民，雎国余，杨云龙.经济学大辞典[Z].团结出版社，1994.
[2] 黄汉江.建筑经济大辞典[Z].上海社会科学院出版社,1990.
[3] 王毓琳.汉英政治经济词汇新编[Z].中央编译出版社,2004.

例句

1. 而在《国富论》中最重要的第三章到第六章中，马克思虽然摘录了斯密关于使用价值和交换价值、自然价格和市场价格的论述，甚至还记下了斯密那一段有关财产是他人劳动或一切劳动产品的支配权的论述，却恰恰忽视了“劳动是衡量一切商品交换价值的尺度”这个关键性表述。很显然，此时的马克思与恩格斯一样，无法洞悉斯密的劳动价值论之要义，尤其是这个结论对他要打倒资产阶级社会制度的社会主义将意味着什么。——《回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语》，2009：163

1. Rather, Marx nitpicks at what he calls the “circular reasoning” that Smith uses in the second chapter to describe the relation between division of labor and exchange. It is true that Marx did take excerpts from Smith’s discussion of value in use and value in exchange, as well as natural prices and market prices in chapters three through six of Wealth of Nations, even recording Smith’s belief that property is the right to control the labor of others or all products of labor. However, Marx neglected to record Smith’s crucial declaration that labor is the standard by which the value of all commodities in exchange is measured. It is evident that at this point in time, young Marx, like Engels, was unable to grasp the essence of Smith’s labor theory of value, and was therefore unable to comprehend the implications of this theory on socialism, the tool he had chosen to topple bourgeois society. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 118-119.

2. 在下面的第四章的评论中，马克思遇到了一个与此相似的问题。在这里，他同时批评斯密和李嘉图所使用的“自然价格”概念，因为“国民经济学所涉及的仅仅是市场价格。所以这些物品便不再联系它们的生产费用来考察，生产费用便不再联系人来考察，而是整个生产联系买卖来考察”。这样，在资产阶级社会的经济过程中，竞争成了归根到底的决定性方面。——《回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语》，2009：171

2. In the fourth chapter of his commentary, Marx would come upon a question similar to this. Still in the second chapter, Marx criticizes the concept of “natural prices” used by Smith and Ricardo. He argues that “all that national economics discusses is market price. Therefore goods are not considered in light of the cost of their production, the cost of production is not considered in light of people, but production as a whole is rather considered in light of buying and selling.” In this way, in the process of bourgeois social economics, competition becomes the root determining factor. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 124-125.

3. 马克思在第一栏中首先提出的有一定意义的观点是，资本、地产和劳动的三者分离对工人工资的否定性意义。因为，这种分离“只有对工人来说才是必然的、本质的、有害的分离”。正是由于这种分离，才导致工人成为起伏不定的市场中的永久的受害者。此时，马克思还无法破译这个密码——这种分离（准确地说是劳动者和生产资料的分离）正是资产阶级社会生产的历史前提。其次，马克思在此直接使用了许多古典经济学研究中的范畴和基本观点，如市场价格和自然价格、竞争与价格波动、分工与工人的片面化等。——《回到马克思：经济学语境中的哲学话语》，2009：209

3. The first important viewpoint that Marx proposes in the first column is that the separation of capital, rent, and labor is fatal for the worker. This is because “only for the workers is the separation of capital, landed property, and labour an inevitable, essential and detrimental separation.” It is this separation that causes workers’ wages to depend on the whims of the market, resulting in the eternal victimization of workers. Marx at this time was still unable to understand that this separation (to be precise, it is the separation between the worker and the means of production) was the historical premise of bourgeois social production. Furthermore, in this section Marx uses many categorizations and basic viewpoints of economics, such as market prices and natural prices, competition and price fluctuations, division of labor and the one-sidededness of workers. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 156.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
选取销地广东和产地广西,以大白菜、圆白菜、西红柿、黄瓜、青椒、茄子为研究对象,采用Spearman相关系数、Granger因果关系检验、VAR、脉冲响应函数、方差分解等方法研究蔬菜市场价格在产销两地间的传导机制。——“基于VAR的产销两地蔬菜市场价格传导机制研究”，载于《湖北农业科学》2016年06期
Sales as Guangdong and origin as Guangxi，and cabbage，cabbage，tomatoes，cucumbers，green peppers and egg-plant as the research object were selected．Then the Spearman correlation coefficient，Granger causality test，VAR，impulse response function and variance decomposition were used to analyze the conduction mechanism among prices of vegetables in markets of the two sales.

例句 2：
研究市场价格信息不对称下,受资金约束的零售商为获取最优订货量从资本市场借贷的供应链运营和融资决策问题。——“市场价格信息不对称的银企融资决策”，载于《控制与决策》2016年04期
Based on the asymmetric sale price information, the interactions of operational and financing decision problems are studied in the supply chain, where a capital-constraint retailer borrows from the capital market to get the optimal ordering.

例句 3：
为进一步提高农产品市场价格预测精度，及时发现价格异常的农产品，研究以山西晋城绿欣农产品批发市场胡萝卜等13种农产品月均价格数据为依据，对比分析了加权算术平均法、二次指数平滑法等9种时间序列非季节指数预测法，提出了一种改进的二次指数平滑预测法。——“一种提高农产品市场价格预测精度的改进算法”，载于《浙江农业学报》2013年06期
In order to improve the forecast accuracy of market price of agricultural products and find out the products with abnormal market price timely, the paper made a comparative analysis of 9 different kinds of time-series non-seasonal exponential forecast