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字词 市场秩序
释义

市场秩序【英】

market order

译文来源

[1] Opinions of the State Council on Promoting Fair Market Competition and Maintaining the Normal Market Order. via: http://www.lawinfochina.com/display.aspx?id=17407&lib=law
[2] Several Provisions on Regulating the Market Order of Internet Information Services. via: http://en.pkulaw.cn/display.aspx?cgid=164816&lib=law
[3] 张卓元.政治经济学大辞典[M].经济科学出版社,1998:119.

定义

市场秩序又称为市场经济秩序。秩序是指事物运动过程中表现出来的一种有序状态,或者说是事物的有序运动。市场经济秩序可以定义为:由市场经济的制度安排、法律体系和社会观念等所规范、形成和保持的经济运行的有序状态(张卓元,1998:119)。在现代市场经济体系中,市场秩序是指以明晰的产权为基本制度,以价格体系为资源配置的基本机制,以有效竞争为结构特点的市场经济体系在配置资源中所呈现出来的和谐、有序、稳定的运行状态。市场秩序的本质在于,它是一个“利益共享”、“正和博弈”、“利益和谐”、“合作”、“法治而富有道德”、“自由而富有创新活力”、“不断扩展”、“具有自我出清、自我纠错和自我维持”的秩序。市场秩序的作用则体现在它能在实现利益和谐的基础上,尽可能地创造并实现社会整体利益和个体利益的最大化(纪宝成,2004:26-29)。
 中国改革开放以前的经济体制就其基本特征而言是计划经济体制。这样的经济秩序井然,然而计划体制下的经济主体却没有活力,资源配置效率低下。改革开放的推进,使得传统计划经济体制对经济主体的各种束缚迅速解除,但同时也造成了经济主体对稀缺资源进行争夺的种种混乱。产生这种混乱的原因主要有:一、市场经济法律制度的真空;二、有关市场经济管理制度的真空;三、人们的素质要适应市场经济的要求有一个过程;四、市场经济的价值判断体系、道德规范有待于建立和完善。基于此,我国1988年在理论上提出了建立社会主义商品经济新秩序的问题,即市场经济秩序。市场经济秩序的具体内容有以下六个方面:一、充分尊重和保护产权;二、确认市场主体资格;三、维护经营自由;四、维护契约自由;五、确保机会均等;六、完善的社会保障制度。建立市场经济秩序既要考虑到中国的国情,又要充分考虑国际经验。提供一种适应市场经济的法律制度也是维持市场秩序的关键(张卓元,1998:119-121)。但市场秩序主要还是一种内生和演化的秩序,靠内在规则维护和调节,并非人为设计的产物,大力发展市场经济是市场秩序形成的前提条件。政府与市场边界的恰当划分是构建市场秩序的一项重要内容,政府应当是宪制政府、服务政府和有限政府。治理整顿市场秩序的同时也要治理整顿政府自身(方福前,2004:13)。

定义来源

[1] 张卓元.政治经济学大辞典[M].经济科学出版社,1998
[2] 纪宝成.论市场秩序的本质与作用[J].中国人民大学学报,2004(01).
[3] 方福前.政府与市场秩序的形成[J].经济理论与经济管理,2004(07).

例句

1. 全会决定对健全宏观调控体系、全面正确履行政府职能、优化政府组织结构进行了部署,强调政府的职责和作用主要是保持 宏观经济稳定,加强和优化公共服务,保障公平竞争,加强市场监管,维护市场秩序,推动可持续发展,促进共同富裕,弥补市场失灵。——《习近平谈治国理政》,2014:77

1. The Decision also makes plans for improving macro control, correctly performing government functions in all areas, and improving the organization of government. It stresses that the main responsibility and role of the government is to maintain the stability of the macro economy, strengthen and improve public services, ensure fair competition, strengthen market oversight, maintain market order, promote sustainable development and common prosperity, and intervene in situations where market failure occurs. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 85.

2. 不失时机加快价格改革。改革方向是发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用,大幅缩减政府定价种类和项目,具备竞争条件的商品和服务价格原则上都要放开。取消绝大部分药品政府定价,下放一批基本公共服务收费定价权。扩大输配电价改革试点,推进农业水价改革,健全节能环保价格政策。完善资源性产品价格,全面实行居民阶梯价格制度。同时必须加强价格监管,规范市场秩序,确保低收入群众基本生活。——《2015年政府工作报告》

2. This reform is aimed at ensuring the market plays the decisive role in allocating resources and significantly reducing the number of categories and items of goods and services for which prices are set by the government. In principle, we will lift pricing controls over all goods and services that can viably compete in markets. The government will stop setting prices for most pharmaceuticals and delegate to lower-level governments the power to set prices for certain basic public services. We will expand the trials of pricing reforms for electricity transmission and distribution, carry out pricing reforms for water used in agriculture, and improve pricing policies to make them more conducive to energy conservation and environmental protection. We will improve the pricing of resource products and fully implement a system of tiered pricing for electricity, water, and natural gas used for household purposes. At the same time, we must strengthen oversight over pricing, improve market order, and ensure the basic living standards of people on low incomes. -Quoted from Report on the Work of Government, 2015.

3. 为了规范互联网信息服务市场秩序,保护互联网信息服务提供者和用户的合法权益,促进互联网行业的健康发展,根据《中华人民共和国电信条例》、《互联网信息服务管理办法》等法律、行政法规的规定,制定本规定。——《规范互联网信息服务市场秩序若干规定》,2011

3. These Provisions are formulated in accordance with the Regulation on Telecommunications of the People's Republic of China, the Administrative Measures for Internet Information Services and other laws and administrative regulations for purposes of regulating the market order of internet information services, protecting the legitimate rights and interests of internet information service providers and users, and promoting the sound development of the internet industry. -Quoted from Several Provisions on Regulating the Market Order of Internet Information Services,2012. via: http://en.pkulaw.cn/display.aspx?cgid=164816&lib=law

网络参考例句

例句 1:
整顿混乱的市场秩序,就是政府对市场的管制。它在理论上遇到市场失灵与政府失灵的困难局面,在实践上进入“管”与“不管”的两难境地。其原因是人们的思路局限于规范市场的正式制度安排,而忽视了规范市场的非正式制度安排。——“诚信、非正式制度与政府管制”,载于《厦门大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2004年第3期
Governmental control is defined as rectifying market disorder. Theoretically it is faced with the plight of both the government and the market being out of order while in practice it runs into the paradox of “control” and “on-control”. This may have resulted from our dependence on the formal institutional arrangements regarding market regulation, with informal institutional arrangements completely neglected.

例句 2:
在经济全球化和金融危机的冲击下,国内钢企的重组以及经济转型的根本问题是社会主义市场经济转型中政府治理模式和政府角色的适时转型问题,其根本途径是通过推动政府治理模式从直接以行政手段干预经济运行转变到建立有限、责任、法治的现代政府,建立公平、正义的规则,完善产权制度、现代企业制度和政府投资项目责任追究制度,继续发挥政府的宏观调控作用,继续推进政府从一般市场竞争性领域中退出,克服行政垄断和地方保护主义,经由政府治理转型推动市场秩序的规范和完善。——“企业重组、政府作用与市场秩序———对近年来国内几个钢企并购案的分析”,载于《浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2010年9月
Under the impact of economic globalization and financial crisis, the fundamental issue of the reorganization and economic transformation of domestic steel enterprises is that of in-time transformation of governmental governance model and role. The essential pathway of the reorganization of steel enterprises and transformation of economic structure is achieved through the transformation of governmental governance in the following

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更新时间:2024/6/29 7:34:06