字词 | 理论抽象 |
释义 | 理论抽象【英】theoretical abstraction译文来源Zhang Yibing: Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 329. 定义理论抽象指在思维中使用各种逻辑手段把分散的概念、独立的原理综合统一成理论体系的方法。以感觉、知觉、表象为内容的感性经验给人们的大脑提供了加工的原料,经过大脑的抽象作用形成了概念,达到了理性认识即理论思维。抽象既是以概念为基础的理性认识的助产婆,也是理性认识的最基本特征,因而在认识过程中有着十分重要的地位。跟具体的对象、感性材料相比,经过抽象,化所与为事实,用命题去表述,突破了特殊时空的限制,确实产生了飞跃和质变。经过飞跃,形成了抽象概念,便把握了感性杂多中的类,把握了现象中的本质。理论抽象的过程就是概念对所与的摹写和规范的统一。通过摹写和规范的交互作用和不断反复,抽象程度越来越高,概念就会由粗糙渐渐发展到精确,由前科学的发展到科学的。理论抽象首先要运用“以类行杂”的方法,“以类行杂”就是主体在抽象过程中“以类型来把握杂多”。理论抽象还要做到“以微知著”,主体在抽象的过程中不但要比较相同点和不同点;而且需要把现象联系起来,深入把握感性经验所对应对象的本质(王向清,2003:36-38)。 定义来源王向清.冯契的抽象理论解读[J].湖南城市学院学报(人文社会科学),2003(4). 例句1. 必须指出,马克思历史唯物主义最重要的规定性,既是他根本上超拔出政治经济学社会唯物主义的质点,又是他对现代社会关系本身的科学理论抽象。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:423 1. Here I must point out that the most important qualification of Marx’s historical materialism was not only that he fundamentally grasped the essential points of political economy’s social materialism, but also his scientific theoretical abstraction of social relations. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 329. 2. 当马克思直接进入资产阶级政治经济学研究后,他意识到了一个新的问题,即他还必须界划自己的理论抽象与李嘉图的理论抽象之间的根本异质性。马克思已经开始理解,李嘉图之所以能站在全部经济学的最高点上,主要在于他的经济学理论是基于资本主义大工业在现实中达到的人类社会历史存在的最高形式。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:519 2. After Marx directly entered the study of bourgeois political economy, he became conscious of a new problem: he needed to clearly delineate the fundamental differences between his own theoretical abstraction and that of Ricardo. Marx had already begun to understand that Ricardo was able to stand at the pinnacle of all of economics because his economics theories were based on the highest form of human social historical existence attained by capitalist big industry in reality. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 409. 3. 对唯心主义者来说,现实不过是现实事件的理论抽象,不过是这些事件的观念象征,而现实事件只不过是“旧世界走向灭亡的象征”。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第三卷)》,1956:639 3. For the idealist, the theoretical abstractions of real events, their ideal signs, are reality; real events are merely “sign that the old world is going to its doom”. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 5), 1975: 538. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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