字词 | 启蒙 |
释义 | 启蒙【英】enlightenment译文来源Zhang Yibing. Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 468. 定义启蒙一词,在汉语中具有久远的渊源,西方enlightenment的进入,是以古老的汉语“启蒙”一词进行对译。因为在古代,“启”与“开”通用,如《说文解字》释“启”为“开”,而“发”又与“开”同义(许慎,2004:32)。因此《周易》“蒙”卦中“初六,发蒙,利用刑人,用说桎梏”的卦辞,可以说是“启蒙”词义在汉语世界中的最早出现。而东汉应劭《风俗通义》中“且有强兵良谋,杂袭继踵,每辄挑衅,亦足以去蔽启蒙矣”是启蒙二字连用的最早记录。我们所理解的西方的“启蒙”是英文enlightenment的汉译,而enlightenment又是法语lumieres的英文翻译,意思是“光明”,lumieres在18世纪的讨论中经常出现,它既指一种思想主张,又指那些正在阐发这一思想的人(郑焕钊,2012:30)。每个人都有权拥有光明,这是一个17世纪知识分子从古代哲学中借用来的象征,它指代的是智慧。而18世纪的启蒙运动首先在思想领域展开了反对专制统治和天主教会思想束缚的斗争,故而启蒙一词也继承了思想解放和光明之意。 定义来源[1]许慎.说文解字[Z].中华书局,2004. 例句1. 在基督教的神学框架中,这种价值悬设被确定为原生性和彼岸性的天上乐园一“上帝之城”,它既是人的原初点,又是复归之处;在后来的资产阶级启蒙思想中,它被设定为人的天然本性,它们都是一种自然法中的“应有”。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:467-468 1. In the theological framework of Christianity, this value postulate is confirmed as the original, that-sided heavenly paradise—the “city of God.” It is both the origin and the destination of man. In later bourgeois enlightenment thinking, this postulate is established as man’s natural instincts, all things that “should” be. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 366. 2. 相对于人的理想状态,这种“现有”往往是败坏的和蜕化的,它犹如神学中的此岸性的现世苦海,或启蒙精神所批判的中世纪专制下的非人现状。基督通过引人指认现世的物欲与罪恶,使人出世而达及彼岸的上帝之城。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:468 2. Relative to man’s idealized state, this “is” is invariably depraved and devolved, just like the this- sided misery of the present world in theology, or like the inhuman circumstances prevalent under medieval despotism criticized by enlightenment thinkers. Thorough guiding men in identifying the base desires and sins of the current world, Jesus allows them to escape this world and attain the that-sided “city of God.” -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 366. 3. 与中世纪禁欲的道德人不同,斯密主张肯定人的物欲性,并让其放任自由地发展。这实际上也是资产阶级启蒙精神的要旨之一(例如卢梭的《忏悔录》)。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:52-53 3. In contrast to the medieval concept of the moral man who controls his carnal desires, Smith proposes that man induldge his material desires, thus allowing himself to freely develop. Smith’s proposal is also one of the main concepts expressed in the spirit of bourgeois enlightment thinking (such as in Rousseau’s Confessions). -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 25. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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