简政放权【英】

to streamline administration and to delegate powers

译文来源

Xi Jinping. Xi Jinping: The Governance of China [M]. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2014: 382-383.

定义

简政放权是“精简机构，下放权力”的简称，是社会主义经济和政治体制改革的重要原则之一。简政，主要指各级政府部门自身机构要精简，目的是克服政府机构臃肿，层次过多，职责不清，互相扯皮的弊端，提高工作效率，消除官僚主义。放权，就是要下放权力，改变权力过分集中的做法，将生产经营管理权下放给企业。在抗战时期，毛泽东同志为了改进机关主义、形式主义、官僚主义，就提出过“精兵简政”。1956年9月16日，邓小平在《关于修改党的章程的报告》中，从党组织的角度提出了中央与地方关系方面的中央高度集权的状况，他指出：“不适当的过分的中央集权，不但表现在经济工作、文化工作和其他国家行政工作中，也表现在党的工作中”（黄国标，2014：21-22）。1984年党的十二届三中全会召开，会议审议并通过了《中共中央关于经济体制改革的决定》指出简政放权主要始于我国经济体制改革的伊始阶段，是基于计划经济体制的高度集中化导致政企不分的弊端，提升企业自身活力及扩大其自主权为目的而实行的政府改革措施。新的历史时期，国务院总理李克强5月6日主持召开国务院常务会议，确定进一步简政放权、取消非行政许可审批类别，把改革推向纵深；部署推进国际产能和装备制造合作，以扩大开放促发展升级；决定试点对购买商业健康保险给予个人所得税优惠，运用更多资源更好保障民生。

定义来源

黄国标.试论邓小平简政放权思想的现实意义[J].理论导报，2014（11）.

例句

1. 我们将推进行政体制改革，进一步转变职能、简政放权，理顺政府和市场关系，更大程度更广范围发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用。——《习近平谈治国理政》，2014：347

1. We will continue to reform the administration system, transform the functions of the government, streamline government and delegate powers, in order to have a clearly defined relationship between the government and the market and let the market play its basic role in allocating resources to a greater degree and in a wider scope. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 382-383.

2. 二是围绕激发市场活力，加大改革开放力度。我们不搞“大水漫灌”式的强刺激，而是持续推动结构性改革。深入推进简政放权、放管结合、优化服务改革。取消和下放311项行政审批事项，取消123项职业资格许可和认定事项，彻底终结了非行政许可审批。工商登记前置审批精简85%，全面实施三证合一、一照一码。加强事中事后监管，优化公共服务流程。群众和企业办事更加方便，全社会创业创新热情日益高涨。——《2016年政府工作报告》

2. Second, we intensified reform and opening up to invigorate the market. Rather than adopting strong stimulus policies that would have an economy-wide impact, we continued to move forward with structural reform. We intensified reform to streamline administration, delegate more powers, improve regulation, and provide better services. We delegated the power or cancelled the requirement for government review for 311 items, cancelled the requirement for verification or approval for 123 professional qualifications, and put a complete stop to the practice of non-administrative review. The number of items which require government approval for new businesses prior to registration was cut by 85%, and the system of a separate business license, organization code certificate, and taxation registration certificate was replaced by a unified business license with a unified social credit code. Both operational and post-operational oversight over businesses were strengthened, and public service procedures were improved. Government-related procedures for individuals and businesses were made much simpler, such that enthusiasm for stepping out into business and making innovations is rising by the day. -Quoted from Report on the Work of the Government, 2016.

3. 继续把简政放权、放管结合作为改革的重头戏。国务院各部门全年取消和下放24 项行政审批事项，取消评比达标表彰项目29 项、职业资格许可和认定事项149项，再次修订投资项目核准目录，大幅缩减核准范围。着力改革商事制度，新登记注册市场主体达到1293万户，其中新登记注册企业增长45.9%形成新的创业热潮。经济增速放缓，新增就业不降反增，显示了改革的巨大威力和市场的无限潜力。——《2015年政府工作报告》

3. We have continued to give the central stage in reform to streamlining administration and delegating more powers to lower-level governments and to society in general while improving regulation. Over the course of the year, departments under the State Council cancelled the requirement of or delegated the power for review on 246 items. We cancelled 29 performance evaluations, inspections on the meeting of standards, and commendations, and 149 verifications and approvals of vocational qualifications. We again revised and significantly shortened the list of investment projects requiring government review. We channeled great effort into the reform of the business system. The number of newly registered market entities reached 12.93 million, with that of enterprises increasing by 45.9%, creating a fresh surge of entrepreneurial activity. While economic growth slowed down, more jobs were created, which fully demonstrates both the tremendous power of reform and the endless potential of the market. -Quoted from Report on the Work of the Government, 2015.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
简政放权仍然是当前我国经济民主和社会民主发展的前提，从而必然成为深化改革的重要议题，而简政放权要转化为经济民主和社会民主发展实效的关键是推进政治民主建设。——“我国经济民主和社会民主发展的策略调整”，载于《江苏大学学报（社会科学版）》2015年第4期
Streamlining administration and decentralization is the premise of China’s current economic and social democracy development, and will no doubt become a focus of deepening the reform. However, the key of turning streamlining administration and decentralization into the development of economic and social democracy is to promote the construction of political democracy.

例句 2：
三是以监管转型为重点的简政放权与结构性改革。激活市场、激励企业关键是以监管转型为重点纵深推进简政放权改革。——“‘十三五’：以经济转型为主线的结构性改革”，载于《上海大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第2期
Thirdly, we should streamline administration, delegate power to lower levels and conduct structural reform by laying emphasis on the shift to the supervision. The key to invigorating market and businesses is to push forward the shift to supervision in the reform of streamlining administration and delegating power in all aspects.

例句 3：
简政放权是深化政府改革、 加快政府职能转变的关键之举，是深化改革的总开关。——“基于‘权力清单’、‘权利清单’和‘负面清单’的简政放权模式分析”，载于《行政与法》2014年第7期
Streamline administration and institute decentralization is the key to deepen the reform of government and speed up the transformation of government functions; it is the master switch of deepening the reform.