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字词 抽象概念
释义

抽象概念【英】

abstract concept; abstract ideas; abstractions

译文来源

[1] McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. Translated by Zhang Yibing. London: Macmillan Press, 1998: 27.
[2] Zhang Yibing: Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 426.
[3] Marx, K. & F. Engel. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 4) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1975: 137.

定义

抽象概念亦称“属性概念”、“性质概念”,是反映事物某一方面、关系、属性的概念,与“具体概念”相对。抽象概念作为反映事物属性的概念,这种属性一旦从各种事物中抽取出来就必然具有概括性,适用于一类对象,所以,抽象概念无例外地同时都是普遍概念。黑格尔把抽象概念称为“知性的概念”。他“认为作为共同点的机械总和的抽象概念不可能说明概念的本质,是没有内容的空洞形式”(金炳华等,2001:174)。抽象概念是思维走向具体概念的中间环节,在人的认识过程中是必要的,是获得关于事物的多样性的统一的具体知识的基础。马克思主义哲学以唯物主义的反映论为基础改造了黑格尔逻辑学的唯心主义性质,在肯定概念是客观事物的反映的前提下,认为抽象概念是思维撇开了事物的内部矛盾,只抽取其某一部分、方面、特性和关系作相对静止的考察而形成的概念。抽象概念是运用知性的分析和归纳把对象的共同点从感性具体中抽取出来,暂时不考虑对象的其他属性、关系、方面而形成的概念。“抽象概念有着单一性、自身等同性、确定性等特点”(李淮春,1996:66)。

定义来源

[1] 金炳华,冯契.哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2001.
[2] 李淮春.马克思主义哲学全书[Z].中国人民大学出版社,1996.

例句

1. 按伯恩施坦的说法,马克思的价值理论是“一个纯抽象概念”,而劳动价值学说“只有作为一个纯思辨的公式或一种科学假说才能要求被接受”。他还认为这种理论不能说明社会产品的总价值,因此,不适宜作为研究的出发点。这使折中主义的伯恩、施坦试图把马克思主义的价值概念与边际主义的价值概念综合起来。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:23

1. For Bernstein, Marx’s theory of value was ‘a purely abstract concept’ and the labour theory of value ‘can claim acceptance only as a speculative formula or a scientific hypothesis’. He also considered that this theory could not give an account of the total value of social production and so was inadequate as a starting-point. This led the eclectic Berrnstein to attempt a synthesis between Marxian and marginalist concepts of value. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 27.

2. 《逻辑学》是从抽象概念出发推演到具体概念,而整个《逻辑学》又是世界历史的抽象出发点。黑格尔的哲学经过感性的自然、人类社会历史的具体,再一次回归到具体的抽象,即绝对精神。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:539-540

2. Logic begins with abstract ideas to derive concrete concepts, and the whole of Logic is the abstract point of origin of world history. Hegel’s philosophy moves through sensuous nature and the human social historical concrete, again returning to concrete abstraction: the Absolute Spirit. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 426.

3. 我们现在不管“达到规定性的普遍性”、“单一性和无限性”(黑格尔的概念)的命运如何。——鲍威尔先生不指出,贯串在施特劳斯关于“公社力量”和关于“传说”的理论中的观点在斯宾诺莎关于实体的观念中有其抽象的表现,有其逻辑形而上学的象形文字;鲍威尔先生不说明这一点,而是强迫“实体抛弃自己的逻辑单纯性并采取公社力量的特定存在形式”,他用黑格尔的魔术机来强迫“形而上学的范畴”(从现实中抽出的抽象概念)跳出使它们溶化于纯思想的“简单”因素中的逻辑框子,并采取自然存在或人类存在的“特定形式”,也就是说,强迫它们体现出来。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二卷)》,1957:174-175

3. Let us leave to their fate “the universality which attains certitude”,the “oneness and infinity” (the Hegelian Notion).—Instead of saying that the view put forward in Strams’ theory on the “power of the community” and “tradition” has its abstract expression, its logical and metaphysical hieroglyphic, in the Spinozist conception of Substance, Herr Bauer makes “Substance emerge from its logical simplicity and assume a definite form of existence in the power of the community”. He applies the Hegelian miracle apparatus by which the “metaphysical categories” —abstractions extracted out of reality—emerge from logic, where they are dissolved in the “simplicity” of thought, and assume “a definite form” of physical or human existence; he makes them become incarnate. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 4), 1975: 137.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
抽象概念是否通过感知经验来表征以及如何被感知经验表征是自身认知面临的一大问题。——“美国商业方法专利适格性审查的新发展”,载于《重庆邮电大学学报(社会科学版)》2015年第4期
Whether people are able to represent abstract concepts through experience of sensory and motorsystems? This is a challenge for embodied cognition.

例句 2:
本文认为,作为一个对抽象概念进行认知的平台,可操纵的隐喻性计算机界面能够为儿童提供一个类比推理的支撑架构(scaffolding),有助于儿童对抽象概念(目标域)的理解。——“概念认知与隐喻性界面设计”,载于《贵州大学学报(社会科学报)》2006年第5期
This paper assumes that me taphorical multimedia-interface manipulated by designer serving as a cognitive scaffolding for children to reason analogically can facilitate their understanding of abstract concepts.

例句 3:
Bilski案后,CAFC通过系列商业方法专利适格性判例阐释了禁止“先占抽象概念”的标准“完全由人的思维执行的方法”属于不可专利的抽象概念;未对抽象概念进行“有意义的限制”不可专利;“抽象概念的实际应用”属于专利适格标的商业方法实施“装置”、“系统”发明同样可能属于“抽象概念”等。——《从抽象乌托邦到具体乌托邦:布洛赫希望哲学的文本研究》,中共中央党校硕士学位论文,2015
After the Bilski case, CAFC illustrates the prohibition against patents for “abstract idea” through a series of business method patent eligibility case, for example “the method is fully executed by the human mind” is not a patent-ligible application; a patent-ligible claim must include one or more substantive limitations the practical application of abstract concepts is patent eligible subject matter; business method device and system may also he abstractive.

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更新时间:2025/4/14 15:24:57