字词 | 均衡 |
释义 | 均衡【英】equilibrium; balance译文来源[1] McLellan, D. Marxism after Marx: An Introduction [M]. Translated by Zhang Yibing. London: Macmillan Press, 1998: 32. 定义均衡,亦称“匀称”、“平衡”。形式美法则之一。它是指事物之间对等、照应、平衡、对应的组合关系(金炳华等,2001:699)。古希腊毕达哥拉斯学派认为身体美在于“各部分之间的比例对称”。意大利阿奎那认为“人体美在于四肢五官端正的匀称”。均衡的具体形态主要有四种:第一,对称均衡。是将两个以上相同、相似的事物加以对偶性的排列。使人产生端正、庄重的感受。第二,重力均衡。是较轻物体同平衡点相距较远、较重物体同平衡点相距较近而达到的平衡,其原理类似于力学中的力矩平衡。第三,运动均衡。即事物在运动中所实现的均衡,它往往经历由均衡到不均衡再到均衡的过程,从而给人以协调感、运动感。第四,照应均衡。即事物形式各部分之间前后、左右、上下、高低、浓淡、轻重、隐显、虚实等相互呼应,协调一致所达到的均衡。同时,人们长期社会实践、审美实践的经验,也可使人从原来并不均衡的事物中产生均衡感。一般把对等对称均衡和照应均衡纳入“整齐一律律”和“协和律”,把重力均衡、运动均衡纳入多样统一规律(朱立元,2014:660)。 定义来源[1] 金炳华,冯契.哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2001. 例句1. 就这样,伯恩施坦拒绝采取任何革命手段来解决政治问题:既然实现社会主义的经济先决条件还没有真正具备,那么政治斗争应当是为开创民主而展开的一种渐进的斗争(“民主”,在伯恩施坦看来,是这样一种社会,“在那个社会中,没有一个阶级享有与全社会相对抗的政治特权”),一种阶级均衡的制度。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:27 1. This was Bernstein’s case for a rejection of any revolutionary approach to politics: the economic prerequisites for socialism were just not there. Thus the political struggle should be a gradual one for the inauguration of democracy-by which Bernstein meant a society ‘where no one class possesses political privilege that is opposed to the whole community’—a kind of system of class equilibrium. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 32. 2. 第二,他们相信,一切运动都是外在的、外来的。每一事物都是一个统一体,并无内部矛盾。布哈林说过,运动是从外面产生的,并且提出均衡论来解释各种联系。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:130 2. They believed, secondly, that all motion was external, from without. Each thing was a unity and had no internal contradictions. Bukharin said that motion came from without and advanced an equilibrium theory to explain relationships. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 139. 3. 葛兰西借用最新军事科学研究中的术语,把上述第一种攻击称为“运动战或机动战”,即使用炮火瞬间在防线上打开缺口,让队伍可以迅速从一地转到另一地,直捣并攻克堡垒;把第二种攻击称为“阵地战”,即因敌人的兵力配置均衡,而不得不安顿下来作长期的堑壕战。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:199 3. Borrowing terms from recent studies of military science, Gramsci termed the first sort of attack ‘a war of movement or manoeuvre’ in which artillery could open up sudden gaps in defences and troops be rapidly switched from one point to another to storm through and capture fortresses, and the second a ‘war of position’ in which enemies were well balanced and had to settle down to a long period of trench warfare. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 207. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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