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字词 历史成本会计
释义

历史成本会计【英】

historical cost accounting

译文来源

刘伟,梁小民,雎国余,杨云龙.经济学大辞典[Z].团结出版社,1994:94.

定义

历史成本会计是根据已发生的实际支出而计算的成本,也称“实际成本”。在传统的财务会计中,实际成本是一切资产项目入账的基础,主要是为了适应存货估价与计算损益的需要。以本期实际成本与上期同一产品的实际成本比较,可观察成本升降的情况或趋势。在会计记录中,资方计价的基础通常有好几种,如专业人员估价,市价、重量成本、历史成本等。由于历史成本比较客观,所以历史成本被人们视为最有效的计价基础。根据会计凭证和账簿记录的历史成本进行成本计算的方法,称为历史成本会计。企业各项资产和负债所以用历史成本计价,主要是由于价值容易确定,比较客观。而且原始凭证的存在可以防止企业任意估价,影响资产价值的真实性。但是,利用历史成本作为资产计价标准也有缺点,主要是对于现行财务决策的参考作用不大。例如,在物价不稳定的情况下,历史成本不能表示资产的现时成本,如果以此同现时收入相结合,就会造成损益的歪曲。另外,流动资产中的存货和证券,如果价值下跌,则在账上的价值就要放弃历史成本,而采取继续经营的价值。即不用历史成本而用市场价格,要采用成本与市场孰低的原则,因为以继续经营的立场出发,按照稳健主义的原则,这些资产的价值下落,将损失一部分价值,如仍坚持历史成本计价,则将虚增资产价值(刘伟等,1994:94)。

定义来源

刘伟,梁小民,雎国余,杨云龙.经济学大辞典[Z].团结出版社,1994.

例句

1. 当卢卡奇和施密特说,马克思历史唯物主义中的历史并不是一个可以被描述的对象,“而是作为被构成的概念”时,他们是深刻的。众所周知,历史的观点并不是马克思的发明,在德国,从赫尔德、康德到黑格尔,关于历史发展的思想是一条重要的线索。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:410

1. Lukacs and Schmidt provide profound insight in their observation that the idea of history in Marx’s historical materialism is not an object that can be described, but rather is a concept that is constituted. It is widely known that a historical view was not the invention of Marx; in Germany, thinking on the development of history was an important element of philosophy from Johann Herder to Kant to Hegel. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 318.

2. 银行开业以来,每年都亏损5万英镑,但是董事们年复一年地向股东恭贺生意兴隆。虽然正式的会计师科耳曼先生宣布股东根本不应当得到任何红利,每一季度仍支付红利6%。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第十二卷)》,1962:56

2. Every year since the bank went in operation, it had been losing £50,000, and yet the directors came forward every year to congratulate the shareholders upon their prosperity. Dividends of six percent, were paid quarterly, although by the declaration of the official accountant, Mr. Coleman, the shareholders ought never to have had a dividend at all. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 15), 1986: 111.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
本文认为双重计量模式,即历史成本计量(含摊余成本计量)和公允价值计量是历史和时代的必然选择。本文指出三点:首先,在财务会计中,双重计量是必然的选择;其次,本文对两种计量属性的特点作了详细分析;最后,通过IASB制定的IFRS 9发现了双重计量模式,特别是公允价值会计改进的曙光。——“财务会计计量模式的必然选择:双重计量”,载于《会计研究》2010年第2期
This paper discusses Dual measurements [there are cost measurements (including amortized cost measurements) and fair value measurements] model was a necessary choice by history and age. The paper indicates three viewpoints: The first, dual measurements in Financial Accounting was necessary choice;the second, the paper gives a more detailed analyses for characteristics of historical cost measurement and fair value measurement and finally the paper discovers the dawn in proving dual measurements, especially in proving fair value accounting through IFRS No. 9 issued by IASB.

例句 2:
在金融危机和会计国际趋同的宏观背景下,以产权保护为逻辑主线,本文重点考察了公允价值与会计稳健性之间的关系.研究发现:在历史成本会计模式下,公允价值与会计稳健性之间若即若离;在公允价值会计模式下,公允价值与会计稳健性之间彻底悖离;在混合会计模式下,公允价值与会计稳健性之间适度耦合;金融危机中公允价值论战的焦点表面上是会计的"技术性"问题,实质上是会计的"社会性"问题,即公允价值充当了一个产权博弈的筹码。——“产权保护、公允价值与会计稳健性”,载于《会计研究》2010年第1期
Against the macroscopic backdrop of the financial crisis and the convergence of accounting internationally, this paper looks into the relation-ship between fair value and accounting conservatism, revolving around property rights protection. it is found through the research, that unde

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