字词 | 财政 |
释义 | 财政【英】public finance; finance译文来源[1] Public finance. via:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_finance 定义国家凭借政权对一部分社会产品进行分配和再分配所形成的分配关系。财政反映国家为实现其职能,在参与社会产品或国民收入的分配和再分配过程中,同有关社会各阶级、集团和个人之间所发生的分配关系。财政随着社会阶级的划分和国家的出现而产生,随着生产的发展和不同性质国家的更迭而发展。在历史上,财政的发展经历了奴隶制国家财政、封建制国家财政、资本主义国家财政和社会主义国家财政四个阶段。资产阶级学者认为财政共有三项经济职能:一、配置的职能。政府通过支出和税收等措施,决定或影响资源配置的数量和方向。二、分配的职能。政府通过税收和转移支付,调整并改善市场机制造成的收入分配,改善分配状况。三、稳定的职能。政府通过预算收支调节总需求,实现经济的稳定。我国学者认为,在社会主义制度形成以后,财政主要是从三个方面发挥调节作用:一、调节国民经济的比例关系,其中主要是消费和积累的比例关系。二、调节国家与企业、集体、个人的分配关系,以及中央与地方的分配关系。三、调节或提高社会经济效果(刘伟,1994:1199—1200)。 定义来源[1] 刘伟.经济学大辞典[Z].团结出版社,1994. 例句1. 继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策,创新宏观调控方式,加强区间调控、定向调控、相机调控,统筹运用财政、货币政策和产业、投资、价格等政策工具,采取结构性改革尤其是供给侧结构性改革举措,为经济发展营造良好环境。积极的财政政策要加大力度。——《2016年政府工作报告》 1. We will continue to implement proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy, develop new approaches to macro regulation, strengthen range-based, targeted, and well-timed regulation, use fiscal and monetary policies and industry, investment, and pricing policy tools in a coordinated way, and implement structural reform, particularly supply-side structural reform, so as to create an enabling environment for economic development. We will pursue a more proactive fiscal policy. -Quoted from Report on the Work of the Government, 2016. 2. 财政是国家治理的基础和重要支柱,科学的财税体制是优化资源配置、维护市场统一、促进社会公平、实现国家长治久安的制度保障。现行财税体制是在1994年分税制改革的基础上逐步完善形成的,对实现政府财力增强和经济快速发展的双赢目标发挥了重要作用。——《习近平谈治国理政》,2014:80 2. Finance is the foundation and an important pillar of national governance. Good fiscal and taxation systems are the institutional guarantee for improving resource allocation, mainlining market unity, promoting social equity, and realizing enduring peace and stability. Developed on the basis of the tax distribution system reform initiated in 1994, the current fiscal and taxation systems have played an important role in increasing the government’s financial strength and promoting the rapid growth of the economy. -Quoted from Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, 2014: 88. 3. 中国拥有各种广泛而强大的国际联盟(这也跟苏联不一样),因此在世界舞台上不像布尔什维克的俄国那样孤立。新政权迅速采取了许多财政措施:统一并适当分配税收、主要通过规定基本商品的价格控制通货膨胀、实现收支平衡。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2005:227 3. China had a large and powerful ally of sorts and was not therefore as isolated on the world stage as was Bolshevik Russia. The new regime rapidly took a number of financial measures which unified and fairly distributed the taxes, brought inflation under control––largely by tying money values to units of basic commodities and produced a balanced budget. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 236. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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