博爱【英】

(universal) fraternity; (universal) love of mankind

译文来源

[1] Zhang Yibing. A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek [M]. Berlin: Canut International Publishers, 2011: 485.
[2] Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 5) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1975: 147.

定义

博爱，指广泛地爱一切人。在中国“博爱”一词最早出自春秋时期，《说苑·君道》上的“人君之道，清净无为，务在博爱”。后来的《孝经·三才章》曰“先王见教之可以化民也，是故先之以博爱，而民莫遗其亲，陈之于德义，而民兴行。”明末清初顾炎武《日知录》解释说“左右就养无方，谓之博爱。”中国古代文献中所指的博爱，大致都是人对人的一种情感态度，主要指广泛地爱一切人，特别是对朋友或同胞的爱。近代孙中山把“博爱”、“天下为公”、“世界大同”视为理想的最高境界和追求的最远目标。认为中国古代“有近似博爱也者，然皆狭义之博爱，其爱不能及于人人”，提出“我们的民生主义，是图四万万人的幸福的，为四万万人谋幸福就是博爱”。“在西方社会，博爱是基督教文化的传统精神，她认为人类应互相爱护，个人要为公众利益而生活，死后才能进天国。”（金炳华等，2001：114）西方社会把博爱与自由、平等并列，视为永恒的普世价值，并竭力向全世界推销这种价值观（柏元海，2010：84）。总体上，博爱思想反映了历史上进步思想家对于理想的一种追求，但在阶级社会中，剥削者和被剥削者之间没有平等，也不可能有博爱。

定义来源

[1] 金炳华，冯契.哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社，2001.
[2] 柏元海.现代西方社会博爱观批判[J].马克思主义研究，2010（4）.

例句

1. 在封建社会中王子对平民的天生高贵消失了，外在的暴力相强制也不复存在，人们不再直接地将自然血亲关系物神化。在这个布尔乔亚王国中，一切光天化日下的社会关系都是自由、平等和博爱的。齐泽克是想说，奴役和拜物教真的消失了吗？不是。——《文本的深度耕犁：后马克思主义思潮哲学文本解读》，2007：376

1. The feudal nobility of the prince, with the external violence and coercion, disappears, people no longer fetishize directly out of the natural kinship. In this bourgeois kingdom, any social relation in the sun is of freedom, equality and universal fraternity. Zizek wants to ask the question: “does slavery and fetishism really disappear?” No. -Quoted from A Deep Plough: Unscrambling Major Post-Marxist Texts From Adorno to Zizek, 2011: 485.

2. 圣麦克斯就这样地“揭示”“基督教中类似古代发展的发展进程”。讲到路德以后，他就根本不下工夫去给自己的范畴命名了；他大踏步地赶到现代德国哲学，——四个同位语（“除了空虚的心灵，对人们的博爱、人的爱、自由意识、‘自我意识’之外，什么都没有。”——第34页；黑格尔，同上第228、229页），四个词填满了路德和黑格尔之间的鸿沟，而且“只有这样基督教才算完结”。——《马克思恩格斯全集（第三卷）》，1956：154

2. In this way Saint Max “proves” that “Christianity takes a course similar to that of antiquity”. After Luther he no longer even troubles to provide names for his categories; he hurries in seven-league boots to modern German philosophy. Four appositions (“until nothing remains but empty cordiality, all the universal love of mankind, love of mankind, consciousness of freedom, ‘self-consciousness’”, p. 34; Hegel, l.c., pp. 228, 229), four words fill the gulf between Luther and Hegel and “only thus is Christianity completed”. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 5), 1975: 147.

3. “改革报”写道：“这固然都是些动听的话，显示着一个伟大的胸怀，显示着一种同情正义事业的精神。字里行间可以清楚地感觉到一颗博爱的心在跳动。这些字句会象柏拉图的格言鼓舞伯利克里时代的希腊人似地鼓舞我们的诗人和哲学家。可是我们现在和伯利克里已相隔甚远，我们是生活在路特希尔德先生、菲尔希隆先生和杜沙特尔先生的统治时代，换言之，即金钱、本能的恐惧心理和警察三位一体的统治时代；统治着我们的是利润、特权和市近卫军。难道拉马丁先生指望着自己为人民主权和社会友爱呼吁一声，这个利益紧密交织着的同盟，这个由富豪、官僚、垄断机构组成的分离派同盟就会缴械投降吗？应该知道，无论好事还是坏事，我们世界上的一切都是相互联系着的，这个支撑着那个，没有任何事物是孤立存在的；这就说明为什么即使象马康的议员所提出的最高超的纲领，只要它带有任何垄断的胎痣（即对权利和平等的封建式的破坏），也将会象夏天的一阵香风那样逝去，象空洞的喇叭声一样沉寂下来。而且正是在目前，当政府完全处于惊恐万状的时刻，这个特权阶级的同盟就结合得特别紧密。——《马克思恩格斯全集（第四卷）》，1958：392

3. "Certainly," says the Réforme, "these are high words, revealing a mighty heart, a spirit sympathising with the cause of right. The fraternal feeling is panting visibly under the cloak of words, and our poets and philosophers will be excited by them into enthusiasm similar to that produced upon Periclean Greece by the sentence of Plato. But we have not now anything to do with Pericles, we live under the reign of Messrs Rothschild, Fulchiron and Duchâtel, that is under the triple incarnation of Money, blockheaded Fear, and Police; we have for a government, profits, privilege, and the municipal guard. Now, hopes M. de Lamartine that the league of consolidated interests, that the Sonderbundb of dollars, place and monopoly, will surrender and lay down arms at his appeal to national sovereignty and social fraternity? Why, for good as for evil, all things in this world are connected—one keeps up the other, nothing is isolated—and that is the reason why the most generous programme of the deputy for Mâconc will pass like perfumed zephyrs of summer, will die like empty trumpet sounds, as long as they shall bear the motherstain of all monopoly—feudal violation of Right and of Equality. And this league of the privileged classes is particularly closely united at this very moment, when the governmental system is the prey of convulsive fear. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 6), 1976: 365.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
《三色》系列将自由、平等、博爱化入个体生存领域。——“《三色》：被置换的自由、平等和博爱”，载于《红河学院学报》2009年第3期
“Three-Colors: Blue, White, Red” serials are suggesting the three colors in French flag and the films explore the freedom, equality and fratenity in individual domain.

例句 2：
关于“博爱”的内涵，存在着中西两种诠释观，中国的“博爱”就是仁爱、互爱、爱己，西方的“博爱”多偏向于人生修养和宗教关怀。——“‘博爱’思想研究30年”，载于《胜利油田党校学报》2015年第6期
There are Chinese and Western views of interpretation on fraternity: one is “kindheartedness, mutual affection and love oneself” in China, and the other is more in favor of life and religious in the West. Compared with kindheartedness “fraternity” is not only wisdom of Eastern philosophy, but also Western ideological essence. 

例句 3：
资产阶级一直宣扬“自由、平等、博爱”等价值观念是超阶级的和永恒的。马克思恩格斯从唯物史观出发，批判了资产阶级的“自由、平等、博爱”观，强调“自由、平等、博爱”是随着资本主义生产方式的产生而产生，是为维护资产阶级利益服务的。马克思恩格斯的分析对于科学把握社会主义核心价值体系有重要启示。——“马克思恩格斯对资产阶级价值观的批判及启示”，载于《江苏大学学报（社会科学版）》2010年第1期
Bourgeoisie have always been preaching the classless and timeless values of liberty equality and fraternity.　Marx and Engels criticized from the materialist conception of history the bourgeois view of liberty，equality and fraternity and stressed that the idea of liberty, equality and fraternity came along with the capitalist mode of production, and served the interest of bourgeoisie. Their analysis is apocalyptical to the c