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字词 商业银行
释义

商业银行【英】

commercial bank

译文来源

Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 15) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1986: 20.

定义

商业银行,是指主要业务为经营工商业存、放款,并以取得利润为主要经营目标的信用机构。商业银行和中央银行、投资银行不同,它是储蓄机构而不是投资机构,“一个以营利为目的,以多种金融负债筹集资金,多种金融资产为经营对象,具有信用创造功能的金融机构”(商业银行.via:http://baike.baidu.com/view/18754.htm)。目前,我国的商业银行有多种类型,即国有独资商业银行、股份制商业银行、地方股份制的城市商业银行、外资银行、中外合资银行和外国银行分行。货币的发行权通常是中央银行的职能,而一般商业银行没有货币的发行权,其主要的业务集中在经营存款,发放贷款,具体来说,也就是利用吸收公众、企业及机构的存款以较低的利率借入存款,然后再以较高的利率放出贷款,那么存贷款之间就会产生利差,同时这也就是商业银行的主要利润。商业银行是市场经济的产物,它是为适应市场经济发展和社会化大生产需要而形成的一种金融组织。商业银行在资本主义国家的银行体系中十分重要,特别是渡过了垄断前资本主义时期进入垄断阶段,更成为资本主义国家金融体系的核心,这时绝大部分资金投于证券市场,参与工业活动,借以获取巨额利润,是垄断资本家控制货币金融领域和榨取高额垄断利润的一个重要工具。同时,市场经济条件下,“商业银行面临着各种各样的危机”(陆岷峰,2008:1),金融危机的发生会对商业银行造成重大影响,所以不断突破传统模式走向“综合化”和“国际化”并且探求新的创新模式十分重要。

定义来源

[1]商业银行.via: http://baike.baidu.com/view/18754.htm.
[2]陆岷峰.商业银行危机管理[M].中国经济出版社,2008.

例句

1. 总之,除了获取利润是Crédit Mobilier的活动围着转的真正轴心以外,它的目的显然是用同商业银行的业务完全相反的方法对资本发生作用。商业银行用贴现、贷款和发行银行券使固定起来的资本暂时得到自由的运用,而Crédit Mobilier实际上是把游资固定起来。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第十二卷)》,1962:36-37

1. Now, apart from the fact that the premium is thus the real pivot on which the activity of the Crédit Mobilier turns, its object is apparently to affect capital in a manner which is the very reverse of the action of commercial banks. A commercial bank, by its discounts, loans, and emission of notes, sets free temporarily fixed capital, while the Crédit Mobilier fixes actually floating capital. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 15): Capital, 1986: 20.

2. 已经破了产的原哈尔科夫土地银行和商业银行的创办人阿尔切夫斯基,曾不择手段地弄到几百万卢布来开办和支持一些估计可能获得巨额利润的矿业企业。 ——《列宁全集(第五卷)》,1986:75

2. Alchevsky, the founder of a land and a commercial bank in Kharkov, both now bankrupt, acquired millions of rubles by fair means or foul for the purpose of establishing and maintaining mining and metallurgical enterprises that promised wealth beyond the dreams of avarice. -Quoted from Lenin Collected Works (Vol. 5): Capital, 1977: 93.

3. 深化金融体制改革。加快改革完善现代金融监管体制,提高金融服务实体经济效率,实现金融风险监管全覆盖。深化利率市场化改革。继续完善人民币汇率市场化形成机制,保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上基本稳定。深化国有商业银行和开发性、政策性金融机构改革,发展民营银行,启动投贷联动试点。——《2016年政府工作报告》,2016

3. We will deepen reform of the financial sector. We will move faster in the reform to improve the modern financial regulatory system and ensure that the financial sector serves the real economy more efficiently and that regulation covers all financial risks. Interest rates will be further liberalized. Improvements will be made to the market-based mechanism for setting the RMB exchange rate to ensure it remains generally stable at an appropriate and balanced level. We will deepen reform of state-owned commercial banks as well as development and policy-backed financial institutions, develop private banks, and launch trials to allow commercial banks to participate in combined debt-equity investments into startups and small businesses. -Quoted from Report on the Work of the Government, 2016.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
随着我国银行业的改革和全面对外开放,商业银行经营理念发生了重大的变革。——《论我国商业银行收费权》,湖南大学硕士学位论文,2007
With the development of economic reform and fully opening the banking industry to international market, the management concept of commercial bank has been changed dramatically in China.

例句 2:
近一两年来的种种迹象显示,城市商业银行大规模重组整合已悄然拉开序幕,城市商业银行的格局正面临着大洗牌。——《城市商业银行发展战略研究》,首都经济贸易大学硕士学位论文,2006
For a year or two, all kinds of Signs show the large-scale reconstruction and integration of city commercial bank has lifted het curtain quietly, the Pattern of city commercial bank is going to reshuffle.

例句 3:
商业银行在我国金融体系中占据着重要地位,商业银行组织制度的改革,是整个商业银行体制改革的重要组成部分,它关系到我国商业银行能否高效有序运作,以促进我国经济继续健康发展。——《中国商业银行的组织制度与创新研究》,湘潭大学硕士学位论文,2005
The commercial bank is occupying the important status in our country's financial system, and the reform of the organization system of commercial bank is the important component of the reform of the whole commercial bank. It determines whether the commercial bank of our country could work high-efficiently in order, and whether can promote the economy of our country to continue developing in a healthy way.

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