字词 | 商品的交换价值 |
释义 | 商品的交换价值【英】exchange value of commodities译文来源Marx, K. & F. Engels. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 25) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1997: 62. 定义商品的交换价值,是由马克思提出的。任何商品都有价值,马克思对价值进行分析,就必须从交换价值入手来揭示价值实体。因为商品的价值并不能够自我表现出来,必须通过交换。那么交换过程就必须进行比较,从而必然会出现交换价值,那么交换价值就成为价值的表现形式,价值是内容,交换价值是形式,价值是交换价值的基础,交换价值的大小也由价值决定。“从形式到内容,从现象到本质,这是分析价值实体的唯一科学的辩证方法”(李迁,2009:7)。除了使用价值,一个商品通常首先反映在我们面前的现象是交换价值,其实商品是一个固有内在的交换价值。“交换价值首先表现为一种使用价值同另一种使用价值相交换的量的关系或比例,这个比例随着时间和地点的不同而不断改变”(李迁,2009:7)。所以交换价值就是其中一个商品和另一个商品交换量的一个比例,一定的商品可以通过不同的比例和其他商品进行交换,举个例子就是10斤肉与60斤粮食相交换,60斤粮食就是10斤肉的交换价值,这种比例并不是完全确定的,随着时间、地点的变化而适当发生变换,但总体是平衡的。马克思认为,在商品的大前提下,“价值必然表现为交换价值,交换价值是价值的必然表现方式和现象形态”(张云德,1989:23)。 定义来源[1]李迁.马克思是对的[M].江苏人民出版社,2009. 例句1. 但是,这种效用的交换价值,和任何其他商品的交换价值一样,都是由其中消耗的生产要素(劳动力和生产资料)的价值加上运输工人的剩余劳动所创造的剩余价值决定的。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第二十四卷)》,1972:66 1. But the exchange value of this useful effect is determined, like that of any other commodity, by the value of the elements of production (labour power and means of production) consumed in it plus the surplus value created by the surplus labour of the labourers employed in transportation. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 36), 1997: 62. 2. 简言之,“货帀内在的特点是:通过否定自己的目的同时来实现自己的目的;脱离商品而独立;由手段变成目的;通过使商品同交换价值分离来实现商品的交换价值;通过使交换分裂,来使交换易于进行;通过使直接商品交换的困难普遍化,来克服这种困难;按照生产者依赖于交换的同等程度,来使交换脱离生产者而独立”。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:560 2. Simply put, “We see, then, how it is an inherent property of money to fulfill its purposes by simultaneously negating them; to achieve independence from commodities; to be a means which becomes an end; to realize the exchange value of commodities by separating them from it; to facilitate exchange by splitting it; to overcome the difficulties of the direct exchange of commodities by generalizing them; to make exchange independent of the producers in the same measure as the producers become dependent on exchange.” Money is both the product of contradiction and the means by which contradiction can be resolved. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 443. 3. 面对这种现象迷误,马克思说,“我们现在要做一种资产阶级经济学家从未尝试过的工作,那就是指出这个货币形态的发生过程,研究商品价值关系中包含的价值表现,怎样从最简单最不引人注意的形式,发展到迷人视觉的货币形态”。因为,如果说商品的交换价值还是需要通过与另一种物品的交换关系表现出来的,这还可能让人想到其中隐匿着某种社会关系,那么在货币形式上,连社会关系的这点痕迹都消失了。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009:616 3. Confronting this phenomenological riddle, Marx writes: “a task is set us, the performance of which has never yet even been attempted by bourgeois economy, the task of tracing the genesis of this money form, of developing the expression of value implied in the value relation of commodities, from its simplest, almost imperceptible outline, to the dazzling money-form.” This is because if the exchange value of commodities must be expressed through the exchange relation of another good, this will still make us think that there is a social relation hidden somewhere therein. Rather, in the money form, even this trace of a social relation is gone. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 488. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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