惩前毖后，治病救人【英】

to learn from past mistakes to avoid future ones and cure the sickness to save the patient

译文来源

Mao Tse-tung. Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 3) [C]. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1965: 164.

定义

惩前毖后，治病救人是中国共产党对待犯错误者的正确方针。抗日战争时期，中国共产党为克服自身存在的学风、党风和文风不正的现象，开展了整风运动。1942年2月1日，毛泽东在《整顿党的作风》一文中说：“我们反对主观主义、宗派主义、党八股，有两条宗旨必须注意的：第一是‘惩前毖后’，第二是‘治病救人’”（毛泽东，1991：827）。“惩前毖后”语出《诗·周颂·小毖》，意为惩处以前的错误，使以后更为慎重，不致重犯。毛泽东重新作出解释：“对以前的错误一定要揭发，不讲情面，要以科学的态度来分析批判过去的坏东西，以便使后来的工作慎重些，做得好些，但是我们揭发错误、批评缺点的目的，好像医生治病一样，完全是为了救人，而不是为了把人整死。只要他不讳疾忌医，不固执错误，以至于达到不可救药的地步，而是老老实实，真正愿意医治，愿意改正，我们就要欢迎他，把他的毛病治好，使他变为一个好同志”（李长福，2004：682）。毛泽东指出惩前毖后，治病救人能达到弄清思想、团结同志的两个目的，是党兴旺发达的根本性谋略。1942年整风运动中，中共中央又把“惩前毖后,治病救人”具体化为一个公式即“团结—批评—团结”。惩前毖后，治病救人的谋略，运用在中共党内，有助于解决党内矛盾，分清是非，达到了全党团结的目的；推广到党外，在各抗日根据地里，有助于正确处理领导和群众的关系、军民关系、官兵关系、使革命队伍实现了空前的团结。

定义来源

[1] 毛泽东.毛泽东选集（第三卷）[C].人民出版社，1991.
[2] 李长福.邓小平理论辞典[Z].中国文史出版社，2004.

例句

1. 最后，我们反对主观主义、宗派主义、党八股，有两条宗旨是必须注意的：第一是“惩前毖后”，第二是“治病救人”。对以前的错误一定要揭发，不讲情面，要以科学的态度来分析批判过去的坏东西，以便使后来的工作慎重些，做得好些。这就是“惩前毖后”的意思。但是我们揭发错误、批判缺点的目的，好像医生治病一样，完全是为了救人，而不是为了把人整死。一个人发了阑尾炎，医生把阑尾割了，这个人就救出来了。任何犯错误的人，只要他不讳疾忌医，不固执错误，以至于达到不可救药的地步，而是老老实实，真正愿意医治，愿意改正，我们就要欢迎他，把他的毛病治好，使他变为一个好同志。这个工作决不是痛快一时，乱打一顿，所能奏效的。对待思想上的毛病和政治上的毛病，决不能采用鲁莽的态度，必须采用“治病救人”的态度，才是正确有效的方法。——《毛泽东选集（第三卷）》，1991：827-828

1. Finally, in opposing subjectivism, sectarianism and stereotyped Party writing we must have in mind two purposes: first, “learn from past mistakes to avoid future ones”, and second, “cure the sickness to save the patient”. The mistakes of the past must be exposed without sparing anyone’s sensibilities; it is necessary to analyse and criticize what was bad in the past with a scientific attitude so that work in the future will be done more carefully and done better. This is what is meant by “learn from past mistakes to avoid future ones”. But our aim in exposing errors and criticizing shortcomings, like that of a doctor curing a sickness, is solely to save the patient and not to doctor him to death. A person with appendicitis is saved when the surgeon removes his appendix. So long as a person who has made mistakes does not hide his sickness for fear of treatment or persist in his mistakes until he is beyond cure, so long as he honestly and sincerely wishes to be cured and to mend his ways, we should welcome him and cure his sickness so that he can become a good comrade. We can never succeed if we just let ourselves go, and lash out at him. In treating an ideological or a political malady, one must never be rough and rash but must adopt the approach of “curing the sickness to save the patient”, which is the only correct and effective method. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 3), 1965: 49-50.

2. 这次处理历史问题，不应着重于一些个别同志的责任方面，而应着重于当时环境的分析，当时错误的内容，当时错误的社会根源、历史根源和思想根源，实行惩前毖后、治病救人的方针借以达到既要弄清思想又要团结同志这样两个目的。对于人的处理问题取慎重态度既不含糊敷衍，又不损害同志，这是我们的当兴旺发达的标志之一。——《毛泽东选集（第三卷）》，1991：938

2. This time, in dealing with questions of Party history we should lay the stress not on the responsibility of certain individual comrades but on the analysis of the circumstances in which the errors were committed, on the content of the errors and on their social, historical and ideological roots, and this should be done in the spirit of “learning from past mistakes to avoid future ones” and “curing the sickness to save the patient”, in order to achieve the twofold objective of clarity in ideology and unity among comrades. The adoption of a careful attitude in handling cases of individual comrades, neither glossing things over nor doing harm to comrades, is a sign that our Party is vigorous and flourishing. -Quoted from Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung (Vol. 3), 1965: 164.

3. 沾染不良作风的人，绝大多数是能够转变思想，纠正错误，继续前进的。这次整风要避免过去的缺点，着重启发诱导，通过检查半年来的工作，认真开展批评与自我批评。要根据“惩前毖后”与“治病救人”的方针，帮助犯错误的同志着重从思想上解决问题 。——《邓小平文集（第一卷）》，1994：159

3. Most of the people with an unhealthy work style can change their thinking, correct their mistakes and continue to progress. In this rectification movement we should avoid the shortcomings of the past, emphasize enlightenment and guidance, and make criticisms and self-criticisms in earnest through checking on the work done over the past six months. In accordance with the guiding principles of “learning from past mistakes to avoid future ones” and “curing the sickness to save the patient”, we should concentrate on helping comrades who have made mistakes to solve their ideological problems. -Quoted from Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping (Vol. 1), 1995: 165.

网络参考例句

例句 1：
毛泽东党内和谐思想的实现方法在于积极的思想斗争、批评和自我批评、党内思想教育——惩前毖后治病救人。——《毛泽东党内和谐思想再探》，河南师范大学硕士学位论文，2012
The practice strategies of Mao Zedong’s harmonious thought in the party lie in the positive mental struggle, criticism and self-criticism, the mental instruction in the Party learn from the past mistakes to avoid future ones and cure the sickness to save the patient.

例句 2：
概括地讲，毛泽东的党内组织部门监督思想强调“惩前毖后、治病救人”的原则、“批评与自我批评”的方法、民主集中制的组织制度，并把“反贪污、反浪费、反官僚主义”作为组织部门监督的重点。——《中国共产党组织部门监督研究》，湖南师范大学博士学位论文，2014
Generally speaking, Mao Zedong Party Organization Department supervision thought emphasizes “concentrate, mend his ways to save him” principle, “criticism and self-criticism” method, the democratic centralism of the organization system, and the “anti corruption, anti waste, anti bureaucracy” as the focus of the Organization Department of supervision.

例句 3：
毛泽东对党内组织监督的意义、原则、重点、方法、制度等问题作了较深入的阐述。他认为，党内组织监督具有三重意义，党内组织监督的原则是惩前毖后、治病救人，党内组织监督的重点是反贪污、反浪费、反官僚主义，党内组织监督的重要方法是定期召开批评与自我批评的会议，党内组织监督的重要制度是民主集中制、集体领导与个人负责结合制度。毛泽东党内组织监督思想为中国共产党组织监督实践提供了理论指导和思想武器，在当时产生了积极影响，至今仍有借鉴和指导意义。——“论毛泽东党内组织监督思想”，载于《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2013年第5期
Mao Zedong gave a more in-depth exposition of the meaning principles, priorities, methods and systems of inner-party supervision of the Organization. He believes that inner-party supervision of