字词 | 殖民主义 |
释义 | 殖民主义【英】colonialism译文来源[1] Zhang Yibing. Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics [M]. Göttingen: Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2014: 346. 定义殖民主义(colonialism)资本主义强国奴役和剥动剥削落后国家以至使其变为自己的殖民地或半殖民地的政策和行动。是资本主义的产物。其形式和内容随资本主义发展阶段不同而变化。早期常是武力征服或通过海盗式的掠夺、欺诈性的贸易、封建和奴隶制式的剥削,榨取大量财富。资本主义制度确立后,特别是帝国主义阶段,在经济上主要通过商品输出并发展到资本输出,在政治上主要是通过占领、控制、直接或间接的统治,使落后国家在不同程度上丧失独立和主权而成为资本主义强国所垄断的商品市场、原料产地、投资场所、廉价劳动力供应地和军事基地,即殖民地、半殖民地。在殖民主义的掠夺和压迫下,殖民地、半殖民地长期处于生产停滞、生活极度贫困的状态。殖民主义在第一次世界大战前夕发展到高峰。第二次世界大战后,随着民解放运动的日益高涨,帝国主义殖民体系瓦解,帝国主义被迫更多地使用间接的、隐蔽的方式来保持它对原殖民地的统治以及对其他发展中国家的掠夺,如经济、军事援助,组织军事集团,进行文化渗透,扶植代理人,制造军事政变,利用某些国际组织作掩护等。(金炳华,2003:290) 定义来源金炳华.马克思主义哲学大辞典[Z].上海辞书出版社,2003. 例句1. 基于这样的背景,社会民主党的国会代表中,除李卡克内西一人外,都决定投票赞成1914年的战争预算,这就不足为奇了。从20世纪初起,李卡克内西和艾斯纳二人都敦促党严肃看待军国主义和帝国主义问题。然而,在1907年第二国际斯图加特代表大会上,社会民主党代表团引人注目地对军国主义和战争问题采取了保守的立场?甚至主张对殖民主义持积极态度。出于害怕实施反社会党人法、害怕被沙皇俄国击败,工会事先决定同政府合作;尤其害怕失去工人阶级的支持,所有这一切都影响了8月4日的选举。——《马克思以后的马克思主义》,2008:50-51 1. Given this background, the decision of the Reichstag SPD delegates, with the single exception of Liebknecht, to vote for war credits in 1914 was not surprising. From the early 1900s both Liebknecht and Eisner had urged the party to take seriously the problems of militarism and imperialism. Nevertheless, at the Stuttgart Congress of the International in 1907, the SPD delegation took a noticeably conservative stance on militarism and war and even advocated a positive attitude to colonialism. Fear of the introduction of anti-socialist laws, fear of defeat by Tsarist Russia, the prior decision of the trade unions to cooperate with the government and, above all, fear of loss of working-class support all influenced the 4 August vote. -Quoted from Marxism after Marx: An Introduction, 1998: 56. 2. 第二个时期开始于17世纪中叶,并一直持续到18世纪末。这是工场手工业进一步发展的阶段。与此同步发展的是由殖民主义商业交往所开辟出来的“世界市场”与商业和航运的发展。此时,工场手工业仍然是脆弱的,依赖于商业的扩大或缩小。——《回到马克思:经济学语境中的哲学话语》,2009: 444 2. The second period began in the mid-17th century and continued until the end of the 18th century. This was a period of further development of manufactures. Beginning at the same time was the development of commerce and shipping, as well as a “world market” opened by the commerce of colonization. At this time, manufactures were still weak, subject to the expansion or contraction of commerce. -Quoted from Back to Marx: Changes of Philosophical Discourse in the Context of Economics, 2014: 346. 3. 另一些后现代主义评论家指出了现代主义政治主权思想常常包含的帝国主义观念。例如,土著居民回顾过去就会发现主权概念并不适用于他们,而是仅仅适用于那些通过殖民主义吞并控制其领土的人。在这个方面,北美、澳大利亚和南非都是突出的例子,并且留下了现存方法不可能解决的其他社会——政治问题(利奥塔称之为“歧义”)。——《后马克思主义思想史》,2011:190 3. Other postmodernist commentators have pointed out the imperialist assumptions that are so often embedded in modernist notions of political sovereignty. First nation inhabitants, for example, find that sovereignty does not seem to apply to them retrospectively, but only to those who have taken over their territory in an act of colonialist annexation. North America, Australia, and South Africa provide some outstanding cases in this respect, leaving residual socio-political problems behind that cannot be solved by existing methods (what Lyotard calls a ‘differend’). -Quoted from Post-Marxism: An Intellectual History, 2001: 121. 网络参考例句例句 1: |
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