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字词 对象性的存在物
释义

对象性的存在物【英】

objective being

译文来源

Marx, K. & F. Engel. Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 3) [M]. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1975: 336.

定义

对象性的存在物,即客观的存在物,指在自身之外有对象并与之形成对象性关系的存在物。对象性的存在物,是马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中对黑格尔唯心主义的主客体统一理论进行批判时所使用的术语。在《精神现象学》中,黑格尔认为一切对象都是自我意识设立的,扬弃异化就是扬弃对象性,使对象重新合并于自我意识,这样,人便成为没有肉体的灵魂或怪物,既无自身的自然界(即人的肉体)、又无对象(即外在自然界)(李淮春,1996:116)。马克思对黑格尔关于自我意识的外化就是创立“物相”这一唯心主义理论进行了批判。“对象性的存在物进行对象性活动,如果它的本质规定中不包含对象性的东西,它就不进行对象性活动”(马克思等,2002:324)。马克思指明对象的客观性,认为在主体即人之外存在着不依赖于他的现实的感性的对象,即外在自然界。外在自然界是人的需要的对象,是表现和确证他的本质力量时所不可缺少的对象;同时,人自身也是自然界其他对象的对象,是整个自然界的产物。人的每种感觉都有相应的对象存在,人通过他的感官直接感受到在人之外的客观世界,因而人的自我意识依赖于人的物质特性,人肯定对象世界的存在也就是肯定了人自身是一种对象性的存在物。马克思对对象性的存在物的阐释,驳斥了黑格尔将人只是看作自我意识和非对象性的存在物的唯心主义观点,阐明了唯物主义主客体辩证统一的理论(李淮春,1996:116)。

定义来源

[1] 李淮春.马克思主义哲学全书[Z].中国人民大学出版社,1996.
[2] 马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯全集(第三卷)[M].人民出版社,1995.

例句

1. 对象性的存在物客观地活动着,而只要它的本质规定中不包含对象性的东西,它就不能客观地活动。它所以能创造或设定对象,只是因为它本身是被对象所设定的,因为它本来就是自然界。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第四十二卷)》,1987:167

1. An objective being acts objectively, and he would not act objectively if the objective did not reside in the very nature of his being. He only creates or posits objects, because he is posited by objects—because at bottom he is nature. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 3), 1975: 336.

2. 人作为自然存在物,而且作为有生命的自然存在物,一方面具有自然力、生命力,是能动的自然存在物;这些力量作为天赋和才能、作为欲望存在于人身上;另一方面,人作为自然的、肉体的、感性的、对象性的存在物,和动植物一样,是受动的、受制约的和受限制的存在物,也就是说,他的欲望的对象是作为不依赖于他的对象而存在于他之外的;但这些对象是他的需要的对象;是表现和确证他的本质力量所不可缺少的、重要的对象。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第四十二卷)》,1987:167-168

2. As a natural being and as a living natural being he is on the one hand endowed with natural powers, vital powers—he is an active natural being. These forces exist in him as tendencies and abilities—as instincts. On the other hand, as a natural, corporeal, sensuous, objective being he is a suffering, conditioned and limited creature, like animals and plants. That is to say, the objects of his instincts exist outside him, as objects independent of him; yet these objects are objects that he needs—essential objects, indispensable to the manifestation and confirmation of his essential powers. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 3), 1975: 336.

3. 说人是肉体的、有自然力的、有生命的、现实的、感性的、对象性的存在物,这就等于说,人有现实的、感性的对象作为自己的本质即自己的生命表现的对象;或者说,人只有凭借现实的、感性的对象才能表现自己的生命。说一个东西是对象性的、自然的、感性的,这是说,在这个东西之外有对象、自然界、感觉;或者说,它本身对于第三者说来是对象、自然界、感觉,这都是同一个意思。——《马克思恩格斯全集(第四十二卷)》,1987:168

3. To say that man is a corporeal, living, real, sensuous, objective being full of natural vigour is to say that he has real, sensuous objects as the object of his being or of his life, or that he can only express his life in real, sensuous objects. To be objective, natural and sensuous, and at the same time to have object, nature and sense outside oneself, or oneself to be object, nature and sense for a third party, is one and the same thing. -Quoted from Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works (Vol. 3), 1975: 336.

网络参考例句

例句 1:
马克思在《手稿》中从现实出发,从工人的实际境遇出发,通过自己扎实的学术研究后,对对象性思想有详细的描述,马克思指认,“一个存在物如果在自身之外没有自己的自然界,就不是自然存在物,就不能参加自然界的生活,一个存在如果在自身之外没有对象,就不是对象性的存在物”。——《<1844年经济学哲学手稿>中的对象性思想解读》,扬州大学硕士学位论文,2012
Marx in the “Manuscript” in starting from reality, from the actual situation of workers, through my solid academic research, the object of thought is described in detail, Marx shows, “an entity if outside of itself does not have its own nature, is not a natural existence, cannot participate in the nature of life, the presence of a if no object in itself, it is not the objective existence.” Marx added: “a thing if itself is not the third objects, there is no any existence as its object, that is to say, it is not the object relationship, its existence is not an objective existence, not the objective existence is not exist.” Marx lifelong work is committed to make people get full object.

例句 2:
马克思通过对异化劳动的研究,发现劳动、实践是人的类本质,把人看作自由的、普遍的、对象性的存在物。并系统地揭示了人的类本质的创造性、历史性和开放性的特点。——“马克思关于人的类本质理论及其意义”,载于《吉林人学社会科学学报》2000年第4期
Through his examination of “alienated labor”, Marx found that labor and practice are the generic nature of man, and considered man a free, universalized, and objective being. He systematically explained that the features characteristic of the generic nature of man are its creativity, historicity and

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